diff --git a/tests/integration/test_runtime_docker.py b/tests/integration/test_runtime_docker.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0c83981
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/integration/test_runtime_docker.py
@@ -0,0 +1,332 @@
+"""Integration tests for RuntimeProvider with real Docker.
+
+These tests require:
+1. Docker daemon running
+2. gnuradio-runtime:latest image built (or tests will skip)
+
+Run with: pytest tests/integration/test_runtime_docker.py -v
+"""
+
+import time
+from pathlib import Path
+
+import pytest
+
+# Check if Docker is available
+try:
+    import docker
+
+    _docker_client = docker.from_env()
+    _docker_client.ping()
+    DOCKER_AVAILABLE = True
+except Exception:
+    DOCKER_AVAILABLE = False
+
+# Check if runtime image exists
+RUNTIME_IMAGE = "gnuradio-runtime:latest"
+RUNTIME_IMAGE_EXISTS = False
+if DOCKER_AVAILABLE:
+    try:
+        _docker_client.images.get(RUNTIME_IMAGE)
+        RUNTIME_IMAGE_EXISTS = True
+    except Exception:
+        pass
+
+
+pytestmark = [
+    pytest.mark.skipif(not DOCKER_AVAILABLE, reason="Docker not available"),
+    pytest.mark.skipif(
+        not RUNTIME_IMAGE_EXISTS,
+        reason=f"Runtime image '{RUNTIME_IMAGE}' not built. "
+        "Run: docker build -t gnuradio-runtime -f docker/Dockerfile.gnuradio-runtime docker/",
+    ),
+]
+
+
+@pytest.fixture
+def docker_client():
+    """Real Docker client."""
+    return docker.from_env()
+
+
+@pytest.fixture
+def cleanup_containers(docker_client):
+    """Cleanup any test containers after each test."""
+    created_containers = []
+
+    yield created_containers
+
+    # Cleanup
+    for name in created_containers:
+        try:
+            container = docker_client.containers.get(name)
+            container.stop(timeout=5)
+            container.remove(force=True)
+        except Exception:
+            pass
+
+
+@pytest.fixture
+def test_flowgraph(tmp_path) -> Path:
+    """Create a minimal Python flowgraph for testing.
+
+    This creates a simple Python script that mimics a GNU Radio flowgraph
+    with XML-RPC server (for testing without requiring a real .grc file).
+    """
+    fg_path = tmp_path / "test_flowgraph.py"
+    fg_path.write_text(
+        '''\
+#!/usr/bin/env python3
+"""Minimal test flowgraph with XML-RPC server."""
+
+import os
+import time
+from xmlrpc.server import SimpleXMLRPCServer
+import threading
+
+# Configurable via environment
+XMLRPC_PORT = int(os.environ.get("XMLRPC_PORT", 8080))
+
+# Simulated flowgraph variables
+_variables = {
+    "frequency": 1e6,
+    "amplitude": 0.5,
+    "running": False,
+}
+
+
+def get_frequency():
+    return _variables["frequency"]
+
+
+def set_frequency(val):
+    _variables["frequency"] = float(val)
+
+
+def get_amplitude():
+    return _variables["amplitude"]
+
+
+def set_amplitude(val):
+    _variables["amplitude"] = float(val)
+
+
+def start():
+    _variables["running"] = True
+    print("Flowgraph started")
+
+
+def stop():
+    _variables["running"] = False
+    print("Flowgraph stopped")
+
+
+def lock():
+    print("Flowgraph locked")
+
+
+def unlock():
+    print("Flowgraph unlocked")
+
+
+def main():
+    server = SimpleXMLRPCServer(("0.0.0.0", XMLRPC_PORT), allow_none=True)
+    server.register_introspection_functions()  # Enable system.listMethods()
+    server.register_function(get_frequency)
+    server.register_function(set_frequency)
+    server.register_function(get_amplitude)
+    server.register_function(set_amplitude)
+    server.register_function(start)
+    server.register_function(stop)
+    server.register_function(lock)
+    server.register_function(unlock)
+
+    print(f"XML-RPC server listening on port {XMLRPC_PORT}")
+    server.serve_forever()
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    main()
+'''
+    )
+    return fg_path
+
+
+class TestDockerMiddlewareIntegration:
+    """Test DockerMiddleware with real Docker."""
+
+    def test_create_returns_middleware(self):
+        from gnuradio_mcp.middlewares.docker import DockerMiddleware
+
+        mw = DockerMiddleware.create()
+        assert mw is not None
+
+    def test_list_containers_empty_initially(self):
+        from gnuradio_mcp.middlewares.docker import DockerMiddleware
+
+        mw = DockerMiddleware.create()
+        # Filter to only our test containers
+        containers = [c for c in mw.list_containers() if c.name.startswith("gr-test-")]
+        # May or may not be empty depending on previous test runs
+        assert isinstance(containers, list)
+
+
+class TestRuntimeProviderIntegration:
+    """Test RuntimeProvider with real Docker (requires runtime image)."""
+
+    def test_launch_and_stop_flowgraph(
+        self, test_flowgraph, cleanup_containers
+    ):
+        from gnuradio_mcp.middlewares.docker import DockerMiddleware
+        from gnuradio_mcp.providers.runtime import RuntimeProvider
+
+        mw = DockerMiddleware.create()
+        provider = RuntimeProvider(docker_mw=mw)
+
+        container_name = f"gr-test-{int(time.time())}"
+        cleanup_containers.append(container_name)
+
+        # Launch
+        result = provider.launch_flowgraph(
+            flowgraph_path=str(test_flowgraph),
+            name=container_name,
+            xmlrpc_port=18080,  # Use high port to avoid conflicts
+        )
+
+        assert result.name == container_name
+        assert result.status == "running"
+        assert result.xmlrpc_port == 18080
+
+        # Wait for container to start
+        time.sleep(2)
+
+        # Verify in list
+        containers = provider.list_containers()
+        names = [c.name for c in containers]
+        assert container_name in names
+
+        # Stop
+        assert provider.stop_flowgraph(container_name) is True
+
+        # Remove
+        assert provider.remove_flowgraph(container_name) is True
+
+        # Remove from cleanup list since we already removed it
+        cleanup_containers.remove(container_name)
+
+    def test_launch_connect_and_control(self, test_flowgraph, cleanup_containers):
+        """Full integration: launch container, connect via XML-RPC, control variables."""
+        from gnuradio_mcp.middlewares.docker import DockerMiddleware
+        from gnuradio_mcp.providers.runtime import RuntimeProvider
+
+        mw = DockerMiddleware.create()
+        provider = RuntimeProvider(docker_mw=mw)
+
+        container_name = f"gr-test-{int(time.time())}"
+        cleanup_containers.append(container_name)
+
+        # Launch with specific port
+        xmlrpc_port = 18081
+        provider.launch_flowgraph(
+            flowgraph_path=str(test_flowgraph),
+            name=container_name,
+            xmlrpc_port=xmlrpc_port,
+        )
+
+        # Wait for XML-RPC server to be ready
+        time.sleep(3)
+
+        try:
+            # Connect
+            connection = provider.connect(f"http://localhost:{xmlrpc_port}")
+            assert connection.url == f"http://localhost:{xmlrpc_port}"
+            assert "get_frequency" in connection.methods
+
+            # List variables
+            variables = provider.list_variables()
+            var_names = [v.name for v in variables]
+            assert "frequency" in var_names
+            assert "amplitude" in var_names
+
+            # Get/set variable
+            freq = provider.get_variable("frequency")
+            assert freq == 1e6
+
+            provider.set_variable("frequency", 2e6)
+            new_freq = provider.get_variable("frequency")
+            assert new_freq == 2e6
+
+            # Flowgraph control
+            assert provider.start() is True
+            assert provider.lock() is True
+            assert provider.unlock() is True
+            assert provider.stop() is True
+
+            # Disconnect
+            provider.disconnect()
+
+        finally:
+            # Cleanup
+            provider.stop_flowgraph(container_name)
+            provider.remove_flowgraph(container_name, force=True)
+            cleanup_containers.remove(container_name)
+
+    def test_get_container_logs(self, test_flowgraph, cleanup_containers):
+        """Test retrieving container logs."""
+        from gnuradio_mcp.middlewares.docker import DockerMiddleware
+        from gnuradio_mcp.providers.runtime import RuntimeProvider
+
+        mw = DockerMiddleware.create()
+        provider = RuntimeProvider(docker_mw=mw)
+
+        container_name = f"gr-test-logs-{int(time.time())}"
+        cleanup_containers.append(container_name)
+
+        provider.launch_flowgraph(
+            flowgraph_path=str(test_flowgraph),
+            name=container_name,
+            xmlrpc_port=18082,
+        )
+
+        # Wait for startup
+        time.sleep(2)
+
+        try:
+            logs = provider.get_container_logs(container_name, tail=50)
+            # Should contain startup message from our test flowgraph
+            assert "XML-RPC server listening" in logs or "Xvfb" in logs
+
+        finally:
+            provider.stop_flowgraph(container_name)
+            provider.remove_flowgraph(container_name, force=True)
+            cleanup_containers.remove(container_name)
+
+    def test_status_shows_running_container(self, test_flowgraph, cleanup_containers):
+        """Test get_status includes running containers."""
+        from gnuradio_mcp.middlewares.docker import DockerMiddleware
+        from gnuradio_mcp.providers.runtime import RuntimeProvider
+
+        mw = DockerMiddleware.create()
+        provider = RuntimeProvider(docker_mw=mw)
+
+        container_name = f"gr-test-status-{int(time.time())}"
+        cleanup_containers.append(container_name)
+
+        provider.launch_flowgraph(
+            flowgraph_path=str(test_flowgraph),
+            name=container_name,
+            xmlrpc_port=18083,
+        )
+
+        time.sleep(1)
+
+        try:
+            status = provider.get_status()
+            assert status.connected is False  # Not connected yet
+            container_names = [c.name for c in status.containers]
+            assert container_name in container_names
+
+        finally:
+            provider.stop_flowgraph(container_name)
+            provider.remove_flowgraph(container_name, force=True)
+            cleanup_containers.remove(container_name)
diff --git a/tests/unit/test_runtime_provider.py b/tests/unit/test_runtime_provider.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..37264c2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/unit/test_runtime_provider.py
@@ -0,0 +1,326 @@
+"""Unit tests for RuntimeProvider with mocked middlewares."""
+
+from unittest.mock import MagicMock, patch
+
+import pytest
+
+from gnuradio_mcp.models import (
+    ConnectionInfoModel,
+    ContainerModel,
+    RuntimeStatusModel,
+    ScreenshotModel,
+    VariableModel,
+)
+from gnuradio_mcp.providers.runtime import RuntimeProvider
+
+
+@pytest.fixture
+def mock_docker_mw():
+    """Mock DockerMiddleware."""
+    mw = MagicMock()
+    mw.launch.return_value = ContainerModel(
+        name="gr-test",
+        container_id="abc123",
+        status="running",
+        flowgraph_path="/path/to/test.grc",
+        xmlrpc_port=8080,
+    )
+    mw.list_containers.return_value = [
+        ContainerModel(
+            name="gr-test",
+            container_id="abc123",
+            status="running",
+            flowgraph_path="/path/to/test.grc",
+            xmlrpc_port=8080,
+        )
+    ]
+    mw.stop.return_value = True
+    mw.remove.return_value = True
+    mw.get_xmlrpc_port.return_value = 8080
+    mw.capture_screenshot.return_value = ScreenshotModel(
+        container_name="gr-test",
+        image_base64="iVBORw0KGgo=",
+        format="png",
+    )
+    mw.get_logs.return_value = "flowgraph started\n"
+    return mw
+
+
+@pytest.fixture
+def mock_xmlrpc_mw():
+    """Mock XmlRpcMiddleware."""
+    mw = MagicMock()
+    mw._url = "http://localhost:8080"
+    mw.get_connection_info.return_value = ConnectionInfoModel(
+        url="http://localhost:8080",
+        xmlrpc_port=8080,
+        methods=["get_freq", "set_freq"],
+    )
+    mw.list_variables.return_value = [
+        VariableModel(name="freq", value=1e6),
+        VariableModel(name="amp", value=0.5),
+    ]
+    mw.get_variable.return_value = 1e6
+    mw.set_variable.return_value = True
+    mw.start.return_value = True
+    mw.stop.return_value = True
+    mw.lock.return_value = True
+    mw.unlock.return_value = True
+    return mw
+
+
+@pytest.fixture
+def provider_with_docker(mock_docker_mw):
+    """RuntimeProvider with Docker available."""
+    return RuntimeProvider(docker_mw=mock_docker_mw)
+
+
+@pytest.fixture
+def provider_no_docker():
+    """RuntimeProvider without Docker."""
+    return RuntimeProvider(docker_mw=None)
+
+
+class TestInitialization:
+    def test_has_docker_true(self, provider_with_docker):
+        assert provider_with_docker._has_docker is True
+
+    def test_has_docker_false(self, provider_no_docker):
+        assert provider_no_docker._has_docker is False
+
+    def test_initial_state(self, provider_with_docker):
+        assert provider_with_docker._xmlrpc is None
+        assert provider_with_docker._active_container is None
+
+
+class TestPreconditions:
+    def test_require_docker_raises_without_docker(self, provider_no_docker):
+        with pytest.raises(RuntimeError, match="Docker is not available"):
+            provider_no_docker._require_docker()
+
+    def test_require_docker_returns_middleware(self, provider_with_docker, mock_docker_mw):
+        result = provider_with_docker._require_docker()
+        assert result is mock_docker_mw
+
+    def test_require_xmlrpc_raises_when_not_connected(self, provider_with_docker):
+        with pytest.raises(RuntimeError, match="Not connected"):
+            provider_with_docker._require_xmlrpc()
+
+
+class TestContainerLifecycle:
+    def test_launch_flowgraph(self, provider_with_docker, mock_docker_mw, tmp_path):
+        fg = tmp_path / "test.grc"
+        fg.write_text("<flowgraph/>")
+
+        result = provider_with_docker.launch_flowgraph(
+            flowgraph_path=str(fg),
+            name="my-fg",
+            xmlrpc_port=9090,
+            enable_vnc=True,
+        )
+
+        assert isinstance(result, ContainerModel)
+        mock_docker_mw.launch.assert_called_once_with(
+            flowgraph_path=str(fg),
+            name="my-fg",
+            xmlrpc_port=9090,
+            enable_vnc=True,
+            device_paths=None,
+        )
+
+    def test_launch_flowgraph_auto_name(self, provider_with_docker, mock_docker_mw, tmp_path):
+        fg = tmp_path / "siggen_xmlrpc.grc"
+        fg.write_text("<flowgraph/>")
+
+        provider_with_docker.launch_flowgraph(flowgraph_path=str(fg))
+
+        call_kwargs = mock_docker_mw.launch.call_args
+        assert call_kwargs.kwargs["name"] == "gr-siggen_xmlrpc"
+
+    def test_launch_flowgraph_requires_docker(self, provider_no_docker, tmp_path):
+        fg = tmp_path / "test.grc"
+        fg.write_text("<flowgraph/>")
+
+        with pytest.raises(RuntimeError, match="Docker is not available"):
+            provider_no_docker.launch_flowgraph(str(fg))
+
+    def test_list_containers(self, provider_with_docker, mock_docker_mw):
+        result = provider_with_docker.list_containers()
+        assert len(result) == 1
+        assert result[0].name == "gr-test"
+        mock_docker_mw.list_containers.assert_called_once()
+
+    def test_stop_flowgraph(self, provider_with_docker, mock_docker_mw):
+        result = provider_with_docker.stop_flowgraph("gr-test")
+        assert result is True
+        mock_docker_mw.stop.assert_called_once_with("gr-test")
+
+    def test_remove_flowgraph(self, provider_with_docker, mock_docker_mw):
+        result = provider_with_docker.remove_flowgraph("gr-test", force=True)
+        assert result is True
+        mock_docker_mw.remove.assert_called_once_with("gr-test", force=True)
+
+
+class TestConnectionManagement:
+    def test_connect(self, provider_with_docker, mock_xmlrpc_mw):
+        with patch(
+            "gnuradio_mcp.providers.runtime.XmlRpcMiddleware.connect",
+            return_value=mock_xmlrpc_mw,
+        ):
+            result = provider_with_docker.connect("http://localhost:8080")
+
+            assert isinstance(result, ConnectionInfoModel)
+            assert provider_with_docker._xmlrpc is mock_xmlrpc_mw
+            assert provider_with_docker._active_container is None
+
+    def test_connect_parses_port(self, provider_with_docker, mock_xmlrpc_mw):
+        with patch(
+            "gnuradio_mcp.providers.runtime.XmlRpcMiddleware.connect",
+            return_value=mock_xmlrpc_mw,
+        ):
+            provider_with_docker.connect("http://localhost:9090")
+            mock_xmlrpc_mw.get_connection_info.assert_called_with(xmlrpc_port=9090)
+
+    def test_connect_to_container(self, provider_with_docker, mock_docker_mw, mock_xmlrpc_mw):
+        with patch(
+            "gnuradio_mcp.providers.runtime.XmlRpcMiddleware.connect",
+            return_value=mock_xmlrpc_mw,
+        ):
+            result = provider_with_docker.connect_to_container("gr-test")
+
+            assert isinstance(result, ConnectionInfoModel)
+            assert provider_with_docker._active_container == "gr-test"
+            mock_docker_mw.get_xmlrpc_port.assert_called_once_with("gr-test")
+
+    def test_disconnect(self, provider_with_docker, mock_xmlrpc_mw):
+        provider_with_docker._xmlrpc = mock_xmlrpc_mw
+        provider_with_docker._active_container = "gr-test"
+
+        result = provider_with_docker.disconnect()
+
+        assert result is True
+        assert provider_with_docker._xmlrpc is None
+        assert provider_with_docker._active_container is None
+        mock_xmlrpc_mw.close.assert_called_once()
+
+    def test_disconnect_when_not_connected(self, provider_with_docker):
+        result = provider_with_docker.disconnect()
+        assert result is True  # Should be idempotent
+
+    def test_get_status_not_connected(self, provider_with_docker, mock_docker_mw):
+        result = provider_with_docker.get_status()
+
+        assert isinstance(result, RuntimeStatusModel)
+        assert result.connected is False
+        assert result.connection is None
+        assert len(result.containers) == 1
+
+    def test_get_status_connected(self, provider_with_docker, mock_docker_mw, mock_xmlrpc_mw):
+        provider_with_docker._xmlrpc = mock_xmlrpc_mw
+        provider_with_docker._active_container = "gr-test"
+
+        result = provider_with_docker.get_status()
+
+        assert result.connected is True
+        assert result.connection is not None
+        mock_xmlrpc_mw.get_connection_info.assert_called()
+
+    def test_get_status_handles_docker_error(self, provider_with_docker, mock_docker_mw):
+        mock_docker_mw.list_containers.side_effect = Exception("Docker error")
+
+        result = provider_with_docker.get_status()
+
+        assert result.containers == []  # Gracefully handles error
+
+
+class TestVariableControl:
+    def test_list_variables(self, provider_with_docker, mock_xmlrpc_mw):
+        provider_with_docker._xmlrpc = mock_xmlrpc_mw
+
+        result = provider_with_docker.list_variables()
+
+        assert len(result) == 2
+        assert all(isinstance(v, VariableModel) for v in result)
+        mock_xmlrpc_mw.list_variables.assert_called_once()
+
+    def test_list_variables_requires_connection(self, provider_with_docker):
+        with pytest.raises(RuntimeError, match="Not connected"):
+            provider_with_docker.list_variables()
+
+    def test_get_variable(self, provider_with_docker, mock_xmlrpc_mw):
+        provider_with_docker._xmlrpc = mock_xmlrpc_mw
+
+        result = provider_with_docker.get_variable("freq")
+
+        assert result == 1e6
+        mock_xmlrpc_mw.get_variable.assert_called_once_with("freq")
+
+    def test_set_variable(self, provider_with_docker, mock_xmlrpc_mw):
+        provider_with_docker._xmlrpc = mock_xmlrpc_mw
+
+        result = provider_with_docker.set_variable("freq", 2e6)
+
+        assert result is True
+        mock_xmlrpc_mw.set_variable.assert_called_once_with("freq", 2e6)
+
+
+class TestFlowgraphControl:
+    def test_start(self, provider_with_docker, mock_xmlrpc_mw):
+        provider_with_docker._xmlrpc = mock_xmlrpc_mw
+        assert provider_with_docker.start() is True
+        mock_xmlrpc_mw.start.assert_called_once()
+
+    def test_stop(self, provider_with_docker, mock_xmlrpc_mw):
+        provider_with_docker._xmlrpc = mock_xmlrpc_mw
+        assert provider_with_docker.stop() is True
+        mock_xmlrpc_mw.stop.assert_called_once()
+
+    def test_lock(self, provider_with_docker, mock_xmlrpc_mw):
+        provider_with_docker._xmlrpc = mock_xmlrpc_mw
+        assert provider_with_docker.lock() is True
+        mock_xmlrpc_mw.lock.assert_called_once()
+
+    def test_unlock(self, provider_with_docker, mock_xmlrpc_mw):
+        provider_with_docker._xmlrpc = mock_xmlrpc_mw
+        assert provider_with_docker.unlock() is True
+        mock_xmlrpc_mw.unlock.assert_called_once()
+
+    def test_flowgraph_control_requires_connection(self, provider_with_docker):
+        with pytest.raises(RuntimeError, match="Not connected"):
+            provider_with_docker.start()
+
+
+class TestVisualFeedback:
+    def test_capture_screenshot_with_name(self, provider_with_docker, mock_docker_mw):
+        result = provider_with_docker.capture_screenshot("gr-test")
+
+        assert isinstance(result, ScreenshotModel)
+        mock_docker_mw.capture_screenshot.assert_called_once_with("gr-test")
+
+    def test_capture_screenshot_uses_active_container(self, provider_with_docker, mock_docker_mw):
+        provider_with_docker._active_container = "gr-active"
+
+        provider_with_docker.capture_screenshot()
+
+        mock_docker_mw.capture_screenshot.assert_called_once_with("gr-active")
+
+    def test_capture_screenshot_requires_container(self, provider_with_docker):
+        with pytest.raises(RuntimeError, match="No container specified"):
+            provider_with_docker.capture_screenshot()
+
+    def test_get_container_logs_with_name(self, provider_with_docker, mock_docker_mw):
+        result = provider_with_docker.get_container_logs("gr-test", tail=50)
+
+        assert "flowgraph started" in result
+        mock_docker_mw.get_logs.assert_called_once_with("gr-test", tail=50)
+
+    def test_get_container_logs_uses_active_container(self, provider_with_docker, mock_docker_mw):
+        provider_with_docker._active_container = "gr-active"
+
+        provider_with_docker.get_container_logs()
+
+        mock_docker_mw.get_logs.assert_called_once_with("gr-active", tail=100)
+
+    def test_get_container_logs_requires_container(self, provider_with_docker):
+        with pytest.raises(RuntimeError, match="No container specified"):
+            provider_with_docker.get_container_logs()