# Phase 2: Next-Generation Codecs Implementation

## 🎯 Overview

Successfully implemented comprehensive next-generation codec support (AV1, HEVC/H.265, HDR) that seamlessly integrates with the existing production-grade video processing infrastructure.

## 🚀 New Codec Capabilities

### AV1 Codec Support
**Industry-Leading Compression**
- **30% better compression** than H.264 at same quality
- Two-pass encoding for optimal quality/size ratio
- Single-pass mode for faster processing
- Support for both MP4 and WebM containers

**Technical Implementation**
```python
# New format options in ProcessorConfig
output_formats=["av1_mp4", "av1_webm"]

# Advanced AV1 settings
enable_av1_encoding=True
prefer_two_pass_av1=True
av1_cpu_used=6  # Speed vs quality (0=slowest/best, 8=fastest)
```

**Advanced Features**
- Row-based multithreading for parallel processing
- Tile-based encoding (2x2) for better parallelization
- Automatic encoder availability detection
- Quality-optimized CRF values per preset

### HEVC/H.265 Support
**Enhanced Compression**
- **25% better compression** than H.264 at same quality
- Hardware acceleration with NVIDIA NVENC
- Automatic fallback to software encoding (libx265)
- Production-ready performance optimizations

**Smart Hardware Detection**
```python
# Automatic hardware/software selection
enable_hardware_acceleration=True
# Uses hevc_nvenc when available, falls back to libx265
```

### HDR Video Processing
**High Dynamic Range Pipeline**
- HDR10 standard support with metadata preservation
- 10-bit encoding (yuv420p10le) for extended color range
- BT.2020 color space and SMPTE 2084 transfer characteristics
- Automatic HDR content detection and analysis

**HDR Capabilities**
```python
# HDR content analysis
hdr_analysis = hdr_processor.analyze_hdr_content(video_path)
# Returns: is_hdr, color_primaries, color_transfer, color_space

# HDR encoding with metadata
hdr_processor.encode_hdr_hevc(video_path, output_dir, video_id, "hdr10")
```

## 🏗️ Architecture Excellence

### Seamless Integration Pattern
**Zero Breaking Changes**
- Existing `VideoProcessor` API unchanged
- All existing functionality preserved
- New codecs added as optional formats
- Backward compatibility maintained 100%

**Extension Points**
```python
# VideoEncoder class extended with new methods
def _encode_av1_mp4(self, input_path, output_dir, video_id) -> Path
def _encode_av1_webm(self, input_path, output_dir, video_id) -> Path  
def _encode_hevc_mp4(self, input_path, output_dir, video_id) -> Path
```

### Advanced Encoder Architecture
**Modular Design**
- `AdvancedVideoEncoder` class for next-gen codecs
- `HDRProcessor` class for HDR-specific operations
- Clean separation from legacy encoder code
- Shared quality preset system

**Quality Preset Integration**
```python
# Enhanced presets for advanced codecs
presets = {
    "low": {"av1_crf": "35", "av1_cpu_used": "8", "bitrate_multiplier": "0.7"},
    "medium": {"av1_crf": "28", "av1_cpu_used": "6", "bitrate_multiplier": "0.8"},
    "high": {"av1_crf": "22", "av1_cpu_used": "4", "bitrate_multiplier": "0.9"},
    "ultra": {"av1_crf": "18", "av1_cpu_used": "2", "bitrate_multiplier": "1.0"},
}
```

## 📋 New File Structure

### Core Implementation
```
src/video_processor/core/
├── advanced_encoders.py      # AV1, HEVC, HDR encoding classes
├── encoders.py               # Extended with advanced codec integration

src/video_processor/
├── config.py                 # Enhanced with advanced codec settings
└── __init__.py              # Updated exports with HAS_ADVANCED_CODECS
```

### Examples & Documentation
```
examples/
└── advanced_codecs_demo.py   # Comprehensive codec demonstration

tests/unit/
├── test_advanced_encoders.py           # 21 tests for advanced encoders
└── test_advanced_codec_integration.py  # 8 tests for main processor integration
```

## 🧪 Comprehensive Testing

### Test Coverage
- **21 advanced encoder tests** - AV1, HEVC, HDR functionality
- **8 integration tests** - VideoProcessor compatibility
- **100% test pass rate** for all new codec features
- **Zero regressions** in existing functionality

### Test Categories
```python
# AV1 encoding tests
test_encode_av1_mp4_success()
test_encode_av1_single_pass()  
test_encode_av1_webm_container()

# HEVC encoding tests
test_encode_hevc_success()
test_encode_hevc_hardware_fallback()

# HDR processing tests
test_encode_hdr_hevc_success()
test_analyze_hdr_content_hdr_video()

# Integration tests
test_av1_format_recognition()
test_config_validation_with_advanced_codecs()
```

## 📊 Real-World Benefits

### Compression Efficiency
| Codec | Container | Compression vs H.264 | Quality | Use Case |
|-------|-----------|----------------------|---------|----------|
| H.264 | MP4 | Baseline (100%) | Good | Universal compatibility |
| HEVC | MP4 | ~25% smaller | Same | Modern devices |
| AV1 | MP4/WebM | ~30% smaller | Same | Future-proof streaming |

### Performance Optimizations
**AV1 Encoding**
- Configurable CPU usage (0-8 scale)
- Two-pass encoding for 15-20% better efficiency
- Tile-based parallelization for multi-core systems

**HEVC Acceleration**
- Hardware NVENC encoding when available
- Automatic software fallback ensures reliability
- Preset-based quality/speed optimization

## 🎛️ Configuration Options

### New ProcessorConfig Settings
```python
# Advanced codec control
enable_av1_encoding: bool = False
enable_hevc_encoding: bool = False
enable_hardware_acceleration: bool = True

# AV1-specific tuning
av1_cpu_used: int = 6  # 0-8 range (speed vs quality)
prefer_two_pass_av1: bool = True

# HDR processing
enable_hdr_processing: bool = False

# New output format options
output_formats: ["mp4", "webm", "ogv", "av1_mp4", "av1_webm", "hevc"]
```

### Usage Examples
```python
# AV1 for streaming
config = ProcessorConfig(
    output_formats=["av1_webm", "mp4"],  # AV1 + H.264 fallback
    enable_av1_encoding=True,
    quality_preset="high"
)

# HEVC for mobile
config = ProcessorConfig(
    output_formats=["hevc"],
    enable_hardware_acceleration=True,
    quality_preset="medium"
)

# HDR content
config = ProcessorConfig(
    output_formats=["hevc"],
    enable_hdr_processing=True,
    quality_preset="ultra"
)
```

## 🔧 Production Deployment

### Dependency Requirements
- **FFmpeg with AV1**: Requires libaom-av1 encoder
- **HEVC Support**: libx265 (software) + hardware encoders (optional)
- **HDR Processing**: Recent FFmpeg with HDR metadata support

### Installation Verification
```python
from video_processor import HAS_ADVANCED_CODECS
from video_processor.core.advanced_encoders import AdvancedVideoEncoder

# Check codec availability
encoder = AdvancedVideoEncoder(config)
av1_available = encoder._check_av1_support()
hardware_hevc = encoder._check_hardware_hevc_support()
```

## 📈 Performance Impact

### Encoding Speed
- **AV1**: 3-5x slower than H.264 (configurable with av1_cpu_used)
- **HEVC**: 1.5-2x slower than H.264 (hardware acceleration available)
- **HDR**: Minimal overhead over standard HEVC

### File Size Benefits
- **Storage savings**: 25-30% reduction in file sizes
- **Bandwidth efficiency**: Significant streaming cost reduction
- **Quality preservation**: Same or better visual quality

## 🚀 Future Extensions Ready

The advanced codec implementation provides excellent foundation for:
- **Phase 3**: Streaming & Real-Time Processing
- **AV1 SVT encoder**: Intel's faster AV1 implementation
- **VP10/AV2**: Next-generation codecs
- **Hardware AV1**: NVIDIA/Intel AV1 encoders

## 💡 Key Innovations

1. **Progressive Enhancement**: Advanced codecs enhance without breaking existing workflows
2. **Quality-Aware Processing**: Intelligent preset selection based on codec characteristics  
3. **Hardware Optimization**: Automatic detection and utilization of hardware acceleration
4. **Future-Proof Architecture**: Ready for emerging codec standards and streaming requirements

This implementation demonstrates how to **enhance production infrastructure** with cutting-edge codec technology while maintaining reliability, compatibility, and ease of use.