3D antenna radiation pattern visualization: analytical models + Three.js web UI

Add analytical radiation pattern models for 5 antenna types (dipole, monopole, EFHW, loop, patch) driven by S11 impedance measurements. Pure Python math with closed-form far-field equations — no numpy or simulation dependencies. New MCP tools: - radiation_pattern: scan S11 → find resonance → compute 3D pattern - radiation_pattern_from_data: compute from known impedance (no hardware) - radiation_pattern_multi: patterns across a frequency band for animation Web UI (opt-in via MCNANOVNA_WEB_PORT env var): - Three.js gain-mapped sphere with OrbitControls - Surface/wireframe/plane cut display modes with teal→amber color ramp - Smith chart overlay, dBi reference rings, E/H plane cross-sections - Real-time WebSocket push on new pattern computation - FastAPI backend shares process with MCP server, zero new core deps Frontend: Vite + TypeScript + Three.js, built assets committed to webui/static/. Optional dependencies: fastapi + uvicorn via pip install mcnanovna[webui].
2026-01-31 15:27:19 -07:00 · 2026-01-31 15:27:19 -07:00 · 646c92324d
commit 646c92324d
parent e0fe09f3b8
28 changed files with 8049 additions and 6 deletions
--- a/frontend/.gitignore
+++ b/frontend/.gitignore
@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
 # Logs
 logs
 *.log
 npm-debug.log*
 yarn-debug.log*
 yarn-error.log*
 pnpm-debug.log*
 lerna-debug.log*
 node_modules
 dist
 dist-ssr
 *.local
 # Editor directories and files
 .vscode/*
 !.vscode/extensions.json
 .idea
 .DS_Store
 *.suo
 *.ntvs*
 *.njsproj
 *.sln
 *.sw?
--- a/frontend/index.html
+++ b/frontend/index.html
@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
 <!DOCTYPE html>
 <html lang="en">
 <head>
  <meta charset="UTF-8">
  <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
  <title>mcnanovna -- Radiation Pattern</title>
  <link href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Inter:wght@400;500;600&display=swap" rel="stylesheet">
 </head>
 <body>
  <div id="app">
    <div id="controls"></div>
    <div id="scene-container"></div>
    <canvas id="smith-chart" width="200" height="200"></canvas>
  </div>
  <script type="module" src="/src/main.ts"></script>
 </body>
 </html>
--- a/frontend/package-lock.json
+++ b/frontend/package-lock.json
--- a/frontend/package.json
+++ b/frontend/package.json
@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
 {
  "name": "frontend",
  "private": true,
  "version": "0.0.0",
  "type": "module",
  "scripts": {
    "dev": "vite",
    "build": "tsc && vite build",
    "preview": "vite preview"
  },
  "devDependencies": {
    "@types/three": "^0.182.0",
    "typescript": "~5.9.3",
    "vite": "^7.2.4"
  },
  "dependencies": {
    "three": "^0.182.0"
  }
 }
--- a/frontend/src/api.ts
+++ b/frontend/src/api.ts
@ -0,0 +1,95 @@
 import type { PatternData, ComputeParams, ScanParams } from './types';
 const BASE_URL = '';
 export async function fetchPattern(params: ComputeParams): Promise<PatternData> {
  const resp = await fetch(`${BASE_URL}/api/pattern/compute`, {
    method: 'POST',
    headers: { 'Content-Type': 'application/json' },
    body: JSON.stringify(params),
  });
  if (!resp.ok) {
    const body = await resp.text();
    throw new Error(`Compute failed (${resp.status}): ${body}`);
  }
  return resp.json();
 }
 export async function scanPattern(params: ScanParams): Promise<PatternData> {
  const resp = await fetch(`${BASE_URL}/api/pattern`, {
    method: 'POST',
    headers: { 'Content-Type': 'application/json' },
    body: JSON.stringify(params),
  });
  if (!resp.ok) {
    const body = await resp.text();
    throw new Error(`Scan failed (${resp.status}): ${body}`);
  }
  return resp.json();
 }
 export async function getStatus(): Promise<{ connected: boolean; device?: string }> {
  const resp = await fetch(`${BASE_URL}/api/status`);
  if (!resp.ok) throw new Error(`Status check failed (${resp.status})`);
  return resp.json();
 }
 export async function getBands(): Promise<Record<string, { start_hz: number; stop_hz: number }>> {
  const resp = await fetch(`${BASE_URL}/api/bands`);
  if (!resp.ok) throw new Error(`Bands fetch failed (${resp.status})`);
  return resp.json();
 }
 export type PatternCallback = (data: PatternData) => void;
 export type StatusCallback = (connected: boolean) => void;
 export function connectWebSocket(
  onPattern: PatternCallback,
  onStatus: StatusCallback
 ): { close: () => void } {
  let ws: WebSocket | null = null;
  let reconnectTimer: ReturnType<typeof setTimeout> | null = null;
  let closed = false;
  function connect() {
    if (closed) return;
    const protocol = window.location.protocol === 'https:' ? 'wss:' : 'ws:';
    const url = `${protocol}//${window.location.host}/ws/pattern`;
    ws = new WebSocket(url);
    ws.onopen = () => {
      onStatus(true);
    };
    ws.onmessage = (event) => {
      try {
        const data = JSON.parse(event.data) as PatternData;
        onPattern(data);
      } catch {
        // non-pattern message, ignore
      }
    };
    ws.onclose = () => {
      onStatus(false);
      if (!closed) {
        reconnectTimer = setTimeout(connect, 3000);
      }
    };
    ws.onerror = () => {
      ws?.close();
    };
  }
  connect();
  return {
    close() {
      closed = true;
      if (reconnectTimer) clearTimeout(reconnectTimer);
      ws?.close();
    },
  };
 }
--- a/frontend/src/controls.ts
+++ b/frontend/src/controls.ts
@ -0,0 +1,232 @@
 import type { DisplayMode, AppState } from './types';
 import { iconRadio, iconActivity, iconCrosshair, iconWifi, iconWifiOff } from './icons';
 export interface ControlCallbacks {
  onCompute: () => void;
  onScan: () => void;
  onDisplayModeChange: (mode: DisplayMode) => void;
  onAntennaTypeChange: (type: string) => void;
  onFrequencyChange: (mhz: number) => void;
  onImpedanceRealChange: (r: number) => void;
  onImpedanceImagChange: (x: number) => void;
 }
 const ANTENNA_TYPES = [
  { value: 'dipole', label: 'Dipole' },
  { value: 'monopole', label: 'Monopole' },
  { value: 'efhw', label: 'EFHW' },
  { value: 'loop', label: 'Loop' },
  { value: 'patch', label: 'Patch' },
 ];
 const DISPLAY_MODES: { value: DisplayMode; label: string }[] = [
  { value: 'surface', label: 'Surface' },
  { value: 'wireframe', label: 'Wireframe' },
  { value: 'e-plane', label: 'E-Plane' },
  { value: 'h-plane', label: 'H-Plane' },
 ];
 export function createControls(
  container: HTMLElement,
  callbacks: ControlCallbacks,
  initialState: AppState
 ): {
  updateStatus: (connected: boolean) => void;
  updatePeakGain: (dbi: number | null) => void;
  updateLoading: (loading: boolean) => void;
 } {
  container.innerHTML = '';
  container.className = 'controls-panel';
  // Header
  const header = el('div', 'controls-header');
  header.innerHTML = `
    <div class="controls-logo">
      ${iconRadio}
      <span>mcnanovna</span>
    </div>
    <div class="controls-subtitle">Radiation Pattern</div>
  `;
  container.appendChild(header);
  // Status
  const statusEl = el('div', 'controls-status');
  statusEl.innerHTML = statusHtml(initialState.connected);
  container.appendChild(statusEl);
  // Separator
  container.appendChild(el('hr', 'controls-sep'));
  // Section: Antenna
  container.appendChild(sectionTitle('Antenna Configuration', iconSettings()));
  // Antenna type
  const antennaGroup = fieldGroup('Type');
  const antennaSelect = document.createElement('select');
  antennaSelect.className = 'ctrl-select';
  ANTENNA_TYPES.forEach((t) => {
    const opt = document.createElement('option');
    opt.value = t.value;
    opt.textContent = t.label;
    if (t.value === initialState.antennaType) opt.selected = true;
    antennaSelect.appendChild(opt);
  });
  antennaSelect.addEventListener('change', () => callbacks.onAntennaTypeChange(antennaSelect.value));
  antennaGroup.appendChild(antennaSelect);
  container.appendChild(antennaGroup);
  // Frequency
  const freqGroup = fieldGroup('Frequency (MHz)');
  const freqInput = document.createElement('input');
  freqInput.type = 'number';
  freqInput.className = 'ctrl-input';
  freqInput.value = String(initialState.frequencyMhz);
  freqInput.step = '0.1';
  freqInput.min = '0.1';
  freqInput.max = '3000';
  freqInput.addEventListener('change', () => {
    const v = parseFloat(freqInput.value);
    if (!isNaN(v) && v > 0) callbacks.onFrequencyChange(v);
  });
  freqGroup.appendChild(freqInput);
  container.appendChild(freqGroup);
  // Impedance row
  const impedRow = el('div', 'controls-row');
  const rGroup = fieldGroup('R (\u03A9)');
  const rInput = document.createElement('input');
  rInput.type = 'number';
  rInput.className = 'ctrl-input';
  rInput.value = String(initialState.impedanceReal);
  rInput.step = '1';
  rInput.addEventListener('change', () => {
    const v = parseFloat(rInput.value);
    if (!isNaN(v)) callbacks.onImpedanceRealChange(v);
  });
  rGroup.appendChild(rInput);
  impedRow.appendChild(rGroup);
  const xGroup = fieldGroup('X (\u03A9)');
  const xInput = document.createElement('input');
  xInput.type = 'number';
  xInput.className = 'ctrl-input';
  xInput.value = String(initialState.impedanceImag);
  xInput.step = '1';
  xInput.addEventListener('change', () => {
    const v = parseFloat(xInput.value);
    if (!isNaN(v)) callbacks.onImpedanceImagChange(v);
  });
  xGroup.appendChild(xInput);
  impedRow.appendChild(xGroup);
  container.appendChild(impedRow);
  // Buttons
  container.appendChild(el('div', 'controls-spacer'));
  const btnCompute = document.createElement('button');
  btnCompute.className = 'ctrl-btn ctrl-btn-primary';
  btnCompute.innerHTML = `${iconCrosshair} Compute`;
  btnCompute.addEventListener('click', callbacks.onCompute);
  container.appendChild(btnCompute);
  const btnScan = document.createElement('button');
  btnScan.className = 'ctrl-btn ctrl-btn-secondary';
  btnScan.innerHTML = `${iconActivity} Scan & Visualize`;
  btnScan.addEventListener('click', callbacks.onScan);
  container.appendChild(btnScan);
  // Separator
  container.appendChild(el('hr', 'controls-sep'));
  // Display mode
  container.appendChild(sectionTitle('Display', iconDisplay()));
  const modeGroup = el('div', 'controls-mode-group');
  DISPLAY_MODES.forEach((m) => {
    const btn = document.createElement('button');
    btn.className = 'ctrl-mode-btn' + (m.value === initialState.displayMode ? ' active' : '');
    btn.textContent = m.label;
    btn.dataset.mode = m.value;
    btn.addEventListener('click', () => {
      modeGroup.querySelectorAll('.ctrl-mode-btn').forEach((b) => b.classList.remove('active'));
      btn.classList.add('active');
      callbacks.onDisplayModeChange(m.value);
    });
    modeGroup.appendChild(btn);
  });
  container.appendChild(modeGroup);
  // Peak gain readout
  container.appendChild(el('hr', 'controls-sep'));
  const peakGainEl = el('div', 'controls-readout');
  peakGainEl.innerHTML = peakGainHtml(null);
  container.appendChild(peakGainEl);
  // Loading overlay
  const loadingEl = el('div', 'controls-loading');
  loadingEl.textContent = '';
  loadingEl.style.display = 'none';
  container.appendChild(loadingEl);
  return {
    updateStatus(connected: boolean) {
      statusEl.innerHTML = statusHtml(connected);
    },
    updatePeakGain(dbi: number | null) {
      peakGainEl.innerHTML = peakGainHtml(dbi);
    },
    updateLoading(loading: boolean) {
      loadingEl.style.display = loading ? 'block' : 'none';
      loadingEl.textContent = loading ? 'Computing...' : '';
      btnCompute.disabled = loading;
      btnScan.disabled = loading;
    },
  };
 }
 // -- Helpers --
 function el(tag: string, className: string): HTMLElement {
  const e = document.createElement(tag);
  e.className = className;
  return e;
 }
 function fieldGroup(label: string): HTMLElement {
  const g = el('div', 'ctrl-field');
  const lbl = document.createElement('label');
  lbl.className = 'ctrl-label';
  lbl.textContent = label;
  g.appendChild(lbl);
  return g;
 }
 function sectionTitle(text: string, icon: string): HTMLElement {
  const s = el('div', 'controls-section-title');
  s.innerHTML = `${icon} ${text}`;
  return s;
 }
 function statusHtml(connected: boolean): string {
  const icon = connected ? iconWifi : iconWifiOff;
  const cls = connected ? 'status-on' : 'status-off';
  const label = connected ? 'Connected' : 'Disconnected';
  return `<span class="status-dot ${cls}"></span>${icon}<span>${label}</span>`;
 }
 function peakGainHtml(dbi: number | null): string {
  if (dbi === null) {
    return `<span class="readout-label">Peak Gain</span><span class="readout-value">--</span>`;
  }
  return `<span class="readout-label">Peak Gain</span><span class="readout-value">${dbi.toFixed(1)} dBi</span>`;
 }
 function iconSettings(): string {
  return `<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="14" height="14" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><circle cx="12" cy="12" r="3"/><path d="M12 1v2M12 21v2M4.22 4.22l1.42 1.42M18.36 18.36l1.42 1.42M1 12h2M21 12h2M4.22 19.78l1.42-1.42M18.36 5.64l1.42-1.42"/></svg>`;
 }
 function iconDisplay(): string {
  return `<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="14" height="14" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><rect x="2" y="3" width="20" height="14" rx="2" ry="2"/><line x1="8" y1="21" x2="16" y2="21"/><line x1="12" y1="17" x2="12" y2="21"/></svg>`;
 }
--- a/frontend/src/icons.ts
+++ b/frontend/src/icons.ts
@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
 // Inline Lucide icon SVGs — no package dependency needed.
 // Each returns an SVG string (24x24 viewBox, stroke-based).
 const ATTRS = 'xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"';
 /** Radio / antenna icon */
 export const iconRadio = `<svg ${ATTRS}><path d="M4.9 19.1C1 15.2 1 8.8 4.9 4.9"/><path d="M7.8 16.2c-2.3-2.3-2.3-6.1 0-8.5"/><circle cx="12" cy="12" r="2"/><path d="M16.2 7.8c2.3 2.3 2.3 6.1 0 8.5"/><path d="M19.1 4.9C23 8.8 23 15.1 19.1 19"/></svg>`;
 /** Activity / waveform icon */
 export const iconActivity = `<svg ${ATTRS}><polyline points="22 12 18 12 15 21 9 3 6 12 2 12"/></svg>`;
 /** Settings / gear icon */
 export const iconSettings = `<svg ${ATTRS}><circle cx="12" cy="12" r="3"/><path d="M19.4 15a1.65 1.65 0 0 0 .33 1.82l.06.06a2 2 0 0 1 0 2.83 2 2 0 0 1-2.83 0l-.06-.06a1.65 1.65 0 0 0-1.82-.33 1.65 1.65 0 0 0-1 1.51V21a2 2 0 0 1-2 2 2 2 0 0 1-2-2v-.09A1.65 1.65 0 0 0 9 19.4a1.65 1.65 0 0 0-1.82.33l-.06.06a2 2 0 0 1-2.83 0 2 2 0 0 1 0-2.83l.06-.06A1.65 1.65 0 0 0 4.68 15a1.65 1.65 0 0 0-1.51-1H3a2 2 0 0 1-2-2 2 2 0 0 1 2-2h.09A1.65 1.65 0 0 0 4.6 9a1.65 1.65 0 0 0-.33-1.82l-.06-.06a2 2 0 0 1 0-2.83 2 2 0 0 1 2.83 0l.06.06A1.65 1.65 0 0 0 9 4.68a1.65 1.65 0 0 0 1-1.51V3a2 2 0 0 1 2-2 2 2 0 0 1 2 2v.09a1.65 1.65 0 0 0 1 1.51 1.65 1.65 0 0 0 1.82-.33l.06-.06a2 2 0 0 1 2.83 0 2 2 0 0 1 0 2.83l-.06.06A1.65 1.65 0 0 0 19.4 9a1.65 1.65 0 0 0 1.51 1H21a2 2 0 0 1 2 2 2 2 0 0 1-2 2h-.09a1.65 1.65 0 0 0-1.51 1z"/></svg>`;
 /** Wifi icon (status connected) */
 export const iconWifi = `<svg ${ATTRS}><path d="M5 12.55a11 11 0 0 1 14.08 0"/><path d="M1.42 9a16 16 0 0 1 21.16 0"/><path d="M8.53 16.11a6 6 0 0 1 6.95 0"/><line x1="12" y1="20" x2="12.01" y2="20"/></svg>`;
 /** WifiOff icon (status disconnected) */
 export const iconWifiOff = `<svg ${ATTRS}><line x1="1" y1="1" x2="23" y2="23"/><path d="M16.72 11.06A10.94 10.94 0 0 1 19 12.55"/><path d="M5 12.55a10.94 10.94 0 0 1 5.17-2.39"/><path d="M10.71 5.05A16 16 0 0 1 22.56 9"/><path d="M1.42 9a15.91 15.91 0 0 1 4.7-2.88"/><path d="M8.53 16.11a6 6 0 0 1 6.95 0"/><line x1="12" y1="20" x2="12.01" y2="20"/></svg>`;
 /** Crosshair / target icon */
 export const iconCrosshair = `<svg ${ATTRS}><circle cx="12" cy="12" r="10"/><line x1="22" y1="12" x2="18" y2="12"/><line x1="6" y1="12" x2="2" y2="12"/><line x1="12" y1="6" x2="12" y2="2"/><line x1="12" y1="22" x2="12" y2="18"/></svg>`;
--- a/frontend/src/main.ts
+++ b/frontend/src/main.ts
@ -0,0 +1,151 @@
 import { createScene, type SceneContext } from './scene';
 import { updatePattern } from './pattern';
 import { createControls } from './controls';
 import { drawSmithChart } from './smith';
 import { fetchPattern, scanPattern, connectWebSocket } from './api';
 import type { AppState, DisplayMode, PatternData } from './types';
 import './style.css';
 const state: AppState = {
  connected: false,
  loading: false,
  pattern: null,
  displayMode: 'surface',
  antennaType: 'dipole',
  frequencyMhz: 146.0,
  impedanceReal: 50,
  impedanceImag: 0,
 };
 let sceneCtx: SceneContext;
 let controlsUi: ReturnType<typeof createControls>;
 function render() {
  if (state.pattern && sceneCtx) {
    updatePattern(sceneCtx, state.pattern, state.displayMode);
    controlsUi.updatePeakGain(state.pattern.peak_gain_dbi);
    // Update Smith chart
    const smithCanvas = document.getElementById('smith-chart') as HTMLCanvasElement | null;
    if (smithCanvas) {
      drawSmithChart(smithCanvas, state.pattern.resonance);
    }
  }
 }
 function handlePatternData(data: PatternData) {
  state.pattern = data;
  state.loading = false;
  controlsUi.updateLoading(false);
  render();
 }
 async function handleCompute() {
  state.loading = true;
  controlsUi.updateLoading(true);
  try {
    const data = await fetchPattern({
      antenna_type: state.antennaType,
      frequency_hz: state.frequencyMhz * 1e6,
      impedance_real: state.impedanceReal,
      impedance_imag: state.impedanceImag,
    });
    handlePatternData(data);
  } catch (err) {
    console.error('Compute error:', err);
    state.loading = false;
    controlsUi.updateLoading(false);
  }
 }
 async function handleScan() {
  state.loading = true;
  controlsUi.updateLoading(true);
  const centerHz = state.frequencyMhz * 1e6;
  const span = centerHz * 0.1; // 10% span
  try {
    const data = await scanPattern({
      antenna_type: state.antennaType,
      start_hz: centerHz - span / 2,
      stop_hz: centerHz + span / 2,
      points: 101,
    });
    handlePatternData(data);
  } catch (err) {
    console.error('Scan error:', err);
    state.loading = false;
    controlsUi.updateLoading(false);
  }
 }
 function init() {
  const sceneContainer = document.getElementById('scene-container');
  const controlsContainer = document.getElementById('controls');
  const smithCanvas = document.getElementById('smith-chart') as HTMLCanvasElement | null;
  if (!sceneContainer || !controlsContainer) {
    console.error('Missing DOM containers');
    return;
  }
  // Three.js scene
  sceneCtx = createScene(sceneContainer);
  // Controls panel
  controlsUi = createControls(controlsContainer, {
    onCompute: handleCompute,
    onScan: handleScan,
    onDisplayModeChange(mode: DisplayMode) {
      state.displayMode = mode;
      render();
    },
    onAntennaTypeChange(type: string) {
      state.antennaType = type;
    },
    onFrequencyChange(mhz: number) {
      state.frequencyMhz = mhz;
    },
    onImpedanceRealChange(r: number) {
      state.impedanceReal = r;
    },
    onImpedanceImagChange(x: number) {
      state.impedanceImag = x;
    },
  }, state);
  // Initial Smith chart
  if (smithCanvas) {
    drawSmithChart(smithCanvas);
  }
  // WebSocket for live updates
  connectWebSocket(handlePatternData, (connected) => {
    state.connected = connected;
    controlsUi.updateStatus(connected);
  });
  // Show loading message initially
  showLoadingMessage(sceneContainer);
 }
 function showLoadingMessage(container: HTMLElement) {
  const msg = document.createElement('div');
  msg.className = 'scene-loading';
  msg.innerHTML = `
    <div class="scene-loading-content">
      <div class="scene-loading-spinner"></div>
      <p>Press <strong>Compute</strong> to generate a pattern,<br/>or <strong>Scan & Visualize</strong> with a connected VNA.</p>
    </div>
  `;
  container.appendChild(msg);
  // Remove after first pattern
  const check = setInterval(() => {
    if (state.pattern) {
      msg.remove();
      clearInterval(check);
    }
  }, 200);
 }
 document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', init);
--- a/frontend/src/pattern.ts
+++ b/frontend/src/pattern.ts
@ -0,0 +1,231 @@
 import * as THREE from 'three';
 import type { SceneContext } from './scene';
 import type { PatternData, DisplayMode, PlanePoint } from './types';
 const TEAL_400 = new THREE.Color(0x2dd4bf);
 const AMBER_400 = new THREE.Color(0xfbbf24);
 // HSL interpolation from teal-400 to amber-400
 function gainColor(t: number): THREE.Color {
  const hslA = { h: 0, s: 0, l: 0 };
  const hslB = { h: 0, s: 0, l: 0 };
  TEAL_400.getHSL(hslA);
  AMBER_400.getHSL(hslB);
  const clamped = Math.max(0, Math.min(1, t));
  // Interpolate in HSL — handle hue wrap
  let dh = hslB.h - hslA.h;
  if (dh > 0.5) dh -= 1;
  if (dh < -0.5) dh += 1;
  const h = hslA.h + dh * clamped;
  const s = hslA.s + (hslB.s - hslA.s) * clamped;
  const l = hslA.l + (hslB.l - hslA.l) * clamped;
  return new THREE.Color().setHSL(((h % 1) + 1) % 1, s, l);
 }
 function normalizeGain(dbi: number, minDbi: number, maxDbi: number): number {
  if (maxDbi === minDbi) return 0.55;
  const t = (dbi - minDbi) / (maxDbi - minDbi);
  return 0.1 + Math.max(0, Math.min(1, t)) * 0.9; // maps to [0.1, 1.0]
 }
 function deg2rad(deg: number): number {
  return (deg * Math.PI) / 180;
 }
 /** Build 3D sphere mesh from theta/phi/gain data. */
 function buildPatternGeometry(
  data: PatternData,
  baseRadius: number
 ): { geometry: THREE.BufferGeometry; minGain: number; maxGain: number } {
  const { theta_deg, phi_deg, gain_dbi } = data;
  const nTheta = theta_deg.length;
  const nPhi = phi_deg.length;
  // Flatten gain to find range
  let minGain = Infinity;
  let maxGain = -Infinity;
  for (let ti = 0; ti < nTheta; ti++) {
    for (let pi = 0; pi < nPhi; pi++) {
      const g = gain_dbi[ti][pi];
      if (g < minGain) minGain = g;
      if (g > maxGain) maxGain = g;
    }
  }
  // Build vertices and colors
  const positions: number[] = [];
  const colors: number[] = [];
  const indices: number[] = [];
  // Vertex grid: nTheta rows x nPhi columns
  for (let ti = 0; ti < nTheta; ti++) {
    const theta = deg2rad(theta_deg[ti]);
    for (let pi = 0; pi < nPhi; pi++) {
      const phi = deg2rad(phi_deg[pi]);
      const g = gain_dbi[ti][pi];
      const normG = normalizeGain(g, minGain, maxGain);
      const r = baseRadius * normG;
      // Spherical to Cartesian (physics convention: theta=polar, phi=azimuthal)
      const x = r * Math.sin(theta) * Math.cos(phi);
      const y = r * Math.cos(theta);
      const z = r * Math.sin(theta) * Math.sin(phi);
      positions.push(x, y, z);
      const color = gainColor(normG);
      colors.push(color.r, color.g, color.b);
    }
  }
  // Triangle indices (quads split into 2 triangles)
  for (let ti = 0; ti < nTheta - 1; ti++) {
    for (let pi = 0; pi < nPhi - 1; pi++) {
      const a = ti * nPhi + pi;
      const b = ti * nPhi + (pi + 1);
      const c = (ti + 1) * nPhi + pi;
      const d = (ti + 1) * nPhi + (pi + 1);
      indices.push(a, b, d);
      indices.push(a, d, c);
    }
    // Wrap phi: connect last column to first
    const a = ti * nPhi + (nPhi - 1);
    const b = ti * nPhi;
    const c = (ti + 1) * nPhi + (nPhi - 1);
    const d = (ti + 1) * nPhi;
    indices.push(a, b, d);
    indices.push(a, d, c);
  }
  const geometry = new THREE.BufferGeometry();
  geometry.setAttribute('position', new THREE.Float32BufferAttribute(positions, 3));
  geometry.setAttribute('color', new THREE.Float32BufferAttribute(colors, 3));
  geometry.setIndex(indices);
  geometry.computeVertexNormals();
  return { geometry, minGain, maxGain };
 }
 /** Build a plane-cut line from PlanePoint[] data. */
 function buildPlaneLine(
  points: PlanePoint[],
  isEPlane: boolean,
  minGain: number,
  maxGain: number,
  baseRadius: number
 ): THREE.Line {
  const linePoints: THREE.Vector3[] = [];
  const lineColors: number[] = [];
  points.forEach((pt) => {
    const angleDeg = isEPlane ? (pt.theta_deg ?? 0) : (pt.phi_deg ?? 0);
    const angle = deg2rad(angleDeg);
    const normG = normalizeGain(pt.gain_dbi, minGain, maxGain);
    const r = baseRadius * normG;
    let x: number, y: number, z: number;
    if (isEPlane) {
      // E-plane: varies theta at phi=0, shown in XY plane
      x = r * Math.sin(angle);
      y = r * Math.cos(angle);
      z = 0;
    } else {
      // H-plane: varies phi at theta=90, shown in XZ plane
      x = r * Math.cos(angle);
      y = 0;
      z = r * Math.sin(angle);
    }
    linePoints.push(new THREE.Vector3(x, y, z));
    const color = gainColor(normG);
    lineColors.push(color.r, color.g, color.b);
  });
  // Close the loop
  if (linePoints.length > 0) {
    linePoints.push(linePoints[0].clone());
    lineColors.push(lineColors[0], lineColors[1], lineColors[2]);
  }
  const geo = new THREE.BufferGeometry().setFromPoints(linePoints);
  geo.setAttribute('color', new THREE.Float32BufferAttribute(lineColors, 3));
  const mat = new THREE.LineBasicMaterial({
    vertexColors: true,
    linewidth: 2,
  });
  return new THREE.Line(geo, mat);
 }
 export function updatePattern(ctx: SceneContext, data: PatternData, mode: DisplayMode): void {
  // Clear previous
  while (ctx.patternGroup.children.length > 0) {
    const child = ctx.patternGroup.children[0];
    ctx.patternGroup.remove(child);
    if (child instanceof THREE.Mesh || child instanceof THREE.Line) {
      child.geometry.dispose();
      if (Array.isArray(child.material)) {
        child.material.forEach((m) => m.dispose());
      } else {
        child.material.dispose();
      }
    }
  }
  const baseRadius = 2.0;
  const { geometry, minGain, maxGain } = buildPatternGeometry(data, baseRadius);
  if (mode === 'surface') {
    const material = new THREE.MeshPhongMaterial({
      vertexColors: true,
      side: THREE.DoubleSide,
      shininess: 40,
      transparent: true,
      opacity: 0.85,
    });
    const mesh = new THREE.Mesh(geometry, material);
    ctx.patternGroup.add(mesh);
  } else if (mode === 'wireframe') {
    const material = new THREE.MeshPhongMaterial({
      vertexColors: true,
      wireframe: true,
      side: THREE.DoubleSide,
    });
    const mesh = new THREE.Mesh(geometry, material);
    ctx.patternGroup.add(mesh);
  } else if (mode === 'e-plane') {
    if (data.e_plane && data.e_plane.length > 0) {
      const line = buildPlaneLine(data.e_plane, true, minGain, maxGain, baseRadius);
      ctx.patternGroup.add(line);
    }
    // Also show a dim surface for context
    const material = new THREE.MeshPhongMaterial({
      vertexColors: true,
      side: THREE.DoubleSide,
      transparent: true,
      opacity: 0.15,
    });
    const mesh = new THREE.Mesh(geometry, material);
    ctx.patternGroup.add(mesh);
  } else if (mode === 'h-plane') {
    if (data.h_plane && data.h_plane.length > 0) {
      const line = buildPlaneLine(data.h_plane, false, minGain, maxGain, baseRadius);
      ctx.patternGroup.add(line);
    }
    const material = new THREE.MeshPhongMaterial({
      vertexColors: true,
      side: THREE.DoubleSide,
      transparent: true,
      opacity: 0.15,
    });
    const mesh = new THREE.Mesh(geometry, material);
    ctx.patternGroup.add(mesh);
  }
 }
--- a/frontend/src/scene.ts
+++ b/frontend/src/scene.ts
@ -0,0 +1,176 @@
 import * as THREE from 'three';
 import { OrbitControls } from 'three/examples/jsm/controls/OrbitControls.js';
 import { CSS2DRenderer, CSS2DObject } from 'three/examples/jsm/renderers/CSS2DRenderer.js';
 const BG_COLOR = 0x0f172a;
 const GRID_COLOR = 0x334155; // slate-700
 const RING_COLOR = 0x475569; // slate-600
 const LABEL_COLOR = '#94a3b8'; // slate-400
 export interface SceneContext {
  scene: THREE.Scene;
  camera: THREE.PerspectiveCamera;
  renderer: THREE.WebGLRenderer;
  labelRenderer: CSS2DRenderer;
  controls: OrbitControls;
  patternGroup: THREE.Group;
 }
 export function createScene(container: HTMLElement): SceneContext {
  const scene = new THREE.Scene();
  scene.background = new THREE.Color(BG_COLOR);
  // Camera
  const aspect = container.clientWidth / container.clientHeight;
  const camera = new THREE.PerspectiveCamera(55, aspect, 0.1, 100);
  camera.position.set(3, 2.5, 3);
  camera.lookAt(0, 0, 0);
  // WebGL renderer
  const renderer = new THREE.WebGLRenderer({ antialias: true });
  renderer.setPixelRatio(window.devicePixelRatio);
  renderer.setSize(container.clientWidth, container.clientHeight);
  container.appendChild(renderer.domElement);
  // CSS2D renderer for labels
  const labelRenderer = new CSS2DRenderer();
  labelRenderer.setSize(container.clientWidth, container.clientHeight);
  labelRenderer.domElement.style.position = 'absolute';
  labelRenderer.domElement.style.top = '0';
  labelRenderer.domElement.style.left = '0';
  labelRenderer.domElement.style.pointerEvents = 'none';
  container.appendChild(labelRenderer.domElement);
  // Orbit controls
  const controls = new OrbitControls(camera, renderer.domElement);
  controls.enableDamping = true;
  controls.dampingFactor = 0.08;
  controls.minDistance = 1.5;
  controls.maxDistance = 12;
  // Lighting
  const ambientLight = new THREE.AmbientLight(0xffffff, 0.4);
  scene.add(ambientLight);
  const dirLight = new THREE.DirectionalLight(0xffffff, 0.8);
  dirLight.position.set(5, 8, 5);
  scene.add(dirLight);
  const dirLight2 = new THREE.DirectionalLight(0xffffff, 0.3);
  dirLight2.position.set(-3, -2, -4);
  scene.add(dirLight2);
  // Grid on XZ plane
  const gridHelper = new THREE.GridHelper(6, 12, GRID_COLOR, GRID_COLOR);
  (gridHelper.material as THREE.Material).opacity = 0.3;
  (gridHelper.material as THREE.Material).transparent = true;
  scene.add(gridHelper);
  // Axis lines
  addAxisLines(scene);
  // Axis labels
  addAxisLabel(scene, 'X', new THREE.Vector3(3.3, 0, 0));
  addAxisLabel(scene, 'Y', new THREE.Vector3(0, 3.3, 0));
  addAxisLabel(scene, 'Z', new THREE.Vector3(0, 0, 3.3));
  // Reference dBi rings on XZ plane
  addReferenceRings(scene);
  // Group for pattern meshes
  const patternGroup = new THREE.Group();
  scene.add(patternGroup);
  // Resize handler
  const onResize = () => {
    const w = container.clientWidth;
    const h = container.clientHeight;
    camera.aspect = w / h;
    camera.updateProjectionMatrix();
    renderer.setSize(w, h);
    labelRenderer.setSize(w, h);
  };
  window.addEventListener('resize', onResize);
  // Animation loop
  const animate = () => {
    requestAnimationFrame(animate);
    controls.update();
    renderer.render(scene, camera);
    labelRenderer.render(scene, camera);
  };
  animate();
  return { scene, camera, renderer, labelRenderer, controls, patternGroup };
 }
 function addAxisLines(scene: THREE.Scene) {
  const len = 3.2;
  const xGeo = new THREE.BufferGeometry().setFromPoints([
    new THREE.Vector3(0, 0, 0),
    new THREE.Vector3(len, 0, 0),
  ]);
  const xMat = new THREE.LineBasicMaterial({ color: 0xef4444, opacity: 0.6, transparent: true });
  scene.add(new THREE.Line(xGeo, xMat));
  const yGeo = new THREE.BufferGeometry().setFromPoints([
    new THREE.Vector3(0, 0, 0),
    new THREE.Vector3(0, len, 0),
  ]);
  const yMat = new THREE.LineBasicMaterial({ color: 0x22c55e, opacity: 0.6, transparent: true });
  scene.add(new THREE.Line(yGeo, yMat));
  const zGeo = new THREE.BufferGeometry().setFromPoints([
    new THREE.Vector3(0, 0, 0),
    new THREE.Vector3(0, 0, len),
  ]);
  const zMat = new THREE.LineBasicMaterial({ color: 0x3b82f6, opacity: 0.6, transparent: true });
  scene.add(new THREE.Line(zGeo, zMat));
 }
 function addAxisLabel(scene: THREE.Scene, text: string, position: THREE.Vector3) {
  const el = document.createElement('span');
  el.textContent = text;
  el.style.color = LABEL_COLOR;
  el.style.fontFamily = "'Inter', sans-serif";
  el.style.fontSize = '12px';
  el.style.fontWeight = '600';
  const label = new CSS2DObject(el);
  label.position.copy(position);
  scene.add(label);
 }
 function addReferenceRings(scene: THREE.Scene) {
  const dbiLevels = [-3, 0, 3, 6];
  const minDbi = -3;
  const maxDbi = 6;
  dbiLevels.forEach((dbi) => {
    const normalized = (dbi - minDbi) / (maxDbi - minDbi);
    const radius = 0.1 + normalized * 1.9; // map to [0.1, 2.0]
    const curve = new THREE.EllipseCurve(0, 0, radius, radius, 0, 2 * Math.PI, false, 0);
    const points = curve.getPoints(64);
    const geo = new THREE.BufferGeometry().setFromPoints(
      points.map((p) => new THREE.Vector3(p.x, 0, p.y))
    );
    const mat = new THREE.LineBasicMaterial({
      color: RING_COLOR,
      opacity: 0.35,
      transparent: true,
    });
    const ring = new THREE.Line(geo, mat);
    scene.add(ring);
    // Label for the ring
    const el = document.createElement('span');
    el.textContent = `${dbi >= 0 ? '+' : ''}${dbi} dBi`;
    el.style.color = '#64748b'; // slate-500
    el.style.fontFamily = "'Inter', sans-serif";
    el.style.fontSize = '10px';
    const label = new CSS2DObject(el);
    label.position.set(radius + 0.1, 0, 0);
    scene.add(label);
  });
 }
--- a/frontend/src/smith.ts
+++ b/frontend/src/smith.ts
@ -0,0 +1,154 @@
 import type { ResonanceData } from './types';
 const GRID_COLOR = '#475569'; // slate-600
 const POINT_COLOR = '#2dd4bf'; // teal-400
 const BG_COLOR = '#1e293b'; // slate-800
 const BORDER_COLOR = '#334155'; // slate-700
 const TEXT_COLOR = '#94a3b8'; // slate-400
 /**
 * Draw the Smith chart grid on a 2D canvas.
 * Uses normalized impedance: z = Z/Z0 where Z0=50.
 * Smith chart maps z to reflection coefficient Gamma = (z-1)/(z+1).
 */
 export function drawSmithChart(canvas: HTMLCanvasElement, resonance?: ResonanceData): void {
  const ctx = canvas.getContext('2d');
  if (!ctx) return;
  const w = canvas.width;
  const h = canvas.height;
  const cx = w / 2;
  const cy = h / 2;
  const R = (Math.min(w, h) / 2) * 0.85; // chart radius in pixels
  // Clear
  ctx.fillStyle = BG_COLOR;
  ctx.fillRect(0, 0, w, h);
  // Border
  ctx.strokeStyle = BORDER_COLOR;
  ctx.lineWidth = 1;
  ctx.strokeRect(0, 0, w, h);
  ctx.save();
  ctx.beginPath();
  ctx.arc(cx, cy, R, 0, 2 * Math.PI);
  ctx.clip();
  // Constant R circles
  ctx.strokeStyle = GRID_COLOR;
  ctx.lineWidth = 0.5;
  const rValues = [0, 0.2, 0.5, 1, 2, 5];
  for (const r of rValues) {
    // Circle center at ((r/(r+1))*R + cx, cy), radius R/(r+1)
    const circR = R / (r + 1);
    const circX = cx + (r / (r + 1)) * R;
    ctx.beginPath();
    ctx.arc(circX, cy, circR, 0, 2 * Math.PI);
    ctx.stroke();
  }
  // Constant X arcs
  const xValues = [0.2, 0.5, 1, 2, 5];
  for (const x of xValues) {
    // Positive X arc (inductive, above center)
    drawXArc(ctx, cx, cy, R, x);
    // Negative X arc (capacitive, below center)
    drawXArc(ctx, cx, cy, R, -x);
  }
  // Horizontal center line
  ctx.beginPath();
  ctx.moveTo(cx - R, cy);
  ctx.lineTo(cx + R, cy);
  ctx.stroke();
  ctx.restore();
  // Outer circle
  ctx.strokeStyle = GRID_COLOR;
  ctx.lineWidth = 1;
  ctx.beginPath();
  ctx.arc(cx, cy, R, 0, 2 * Math.PI);
  ctx.stroke();
  // Title
  ctx.fillStyle = TEXT_COLOR;
  ctx.font = "10px 'Inter', sans-serif";
  ctx.textAlign = 'center';
  ctx.fillText('Smith Chart', cx, h - 4);
  // Plot impedance point if we have resonance data
  if (resonance) {
    const z_real = resonance.impedance_real / 50;
    const z_imag = resonance.impedance_imag / 50;
    // Reflection coefficient: Gamma = (z-1)/(z+1) where z = z_real + j*z_imag
    const denom_r = (z_real + 1) * (z_real + 1) + z_imag * z_imag;
    const gamma_real = ((z_real * z_real + z_imag * z_imag - 1)) / denom_r;
    const gamma_imag = (2 * z_imag) / denom_r;
    const px = cx + gamma_real * R;
    const py = cy - gamma_imag * R; // y-axis inverted in canvas
    // Draw point
    ctx.fillStyle = POINT_COLOR;
    ctx.beginPath();
    ctx.arc(px, py, 4, 0, 2 * Math.PI);
    ctx.fill();
    // Outline
    ctx.strokeStyle = '#ffffff';
    ctx.lineWidth = 1;
    ctx.beginPath();
    ctx.arc(px, py, 4, 0, 2 * Math.PI);
    ctx.stroke();
    // Label
    ctx.fillStyle = POINT_COLOR;
    ctx.font = "bold 9px 'Inter', sans-serif";
    ctx.textAlign = 'left';
    const label = `${resonance.impedance_real.toFixed(0)}${resonance.impedance_imag >= 0 ? '+' : ''}${resonance.impedance_imag.toFixed(0)}j`;
    ctx.fillText(label, px + 7, py + 3);
  }
 }
 function drawXArc(
  ctx: CanvasRenderingContext2D,
  cx: number,
  cy: number,
  R: number,
  x: number
 ): void {
  const arcR = R / Math.abs(x);
  const centerX = cx + R;
  const centerY = x > 0 ? cy - arcR : cy + arcR;
  // We need to clip the arc to within the unit circle.
  // Use many small segments and only draw those inside.
  const steps = 100;
  ctx.beginPath();
  let drawing = false;
  for (let i = 0; i <= steps; i++) {
    const t = (i / steps) * Math.PI;
    const angle = x > 0 ? -Math.PI / 2 + t : Math.PI / 2 - t;
    const px = centerX + arcR * Math.cos(angle);
    const py = centerY + arcR * Math.sin(angle);
    // Check if inside unit circle
    const dx = px - cx;
    const dy = py - cy;
    if (dx * dx + dy * dy <= R * R * 1.01) {
      if (!drawing) {
        ctx.moveTo(px, py);
        drawing = true;
      } else {
        ctx.lineTo(px, py);
      }
    } else {
      drawing = false;
    }
  }
  ctx.stroke();
 }
--- a/frontend/src/style.css
+++ b/frontend/src/style.css
@ -0,0 +1,393 @@
 /* === Base === */
 *,
 *::before,
 *::after {
  box-sizing: border-box;
  margin: 0;
  padding: 0;
 }
 :root {
  --slate-50: #f8fafc;
  --slate-100: #f1f5f9;
  --slate-200: #e2e8f0;
  --slate-300: #cbd5e1;
  --slate-400: #94a3b8;
  --slate-500: #64748b;
  --slate-600: #475569;
  --slate-700: #334155;
  --slate-800: #1e293b;
  --slate-900: #0f172a;
  --slate-950: #020617;
  --teal-400: #2dd4bf;
  --teal-500: #14b8a6;
  --amber-400: #fbbf24;
  --amber-500: #f59e0b;
  --red-400: #f87171;
  --green-400: #4ade80;
  --panel-width: 280px;
  --panel-bg: rgba(15, 23, 42, 0.88);
  --panel-border: rgba(51, 65, 85, 0.5);
  --radius: 8px;
  --radius-sm: 5px;
 }
 html, body {
  height: 100%;
  width: 100%;
  overflow: hidden;
  font-family: 'Inter', system-ui, -apple-system, sans-serif;
  font-size: 13px;
  line-height: 1.5;
  color: var(--slate-300);
  background: var(--slate-900);
  -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased;
  -moz-osx-font-smoothing: grayscale;
 }
 /* === Layout === */
 #app {
  position: relative;
  width: 100%;
  height: 100%;
  display: flex;
 }
 #scene-container {
  flex: 1;
  position: relative;
  overflow: hidden;
 }
 #smith-chart {
  position: absolute;
  bottom: 16px;
  right: 16px;
  width: 200px;
  height: 200px;
  border-radius: var(--radius);
  z-index: 10;
  box-shadow: 0 4px 24px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.4);
 }
 /* === Controls Panel === */
 .controls-panel {
  width: var(--panel-width);
  min-width: var(--panel-width);
  height: 100%;
  background: var(--panel-bg);
  backdrop-filter: blur(16px);
  border-right: 1px solid var(--panel-border);
  padding: 20px 16px;
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  gap: 10px;
  overflow-y: auto;
  z-index: 20;
 }
 .controls-header {
  margin-bottom: 4px;
 }
 .controls-logo {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 8px;
  color: var(--slate-100);
  font-weight: 600;
  font-size: 16px;
 }
 .controls-logo svg {
  color: var(--teal-400);
 }
 .controls-subtitle {
  color: var(--slate-500);
  font-size: 11px;
  margin-top: 2px;
  letter-spacing: 0.03em;
 }
 /* Status */
 .controls-status {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 6px;
  font-size: 12px;
  color: var(--slate-400);
  padding: 6px 10px;
  background: rgba(30, 41, 59, 0.6);
  border-radius: var(--radius-sm);
 }
 .controls-status svg {
  width: 14px;
  height: 14px;
 }
 .status-dot {
  width: 6px;
  height: 6px;
  border-radius: 50%;
  flex-shrink: 0;
 }
 .status-dot.status-on {
  background: var(--green-400);
  box-shadow: 0 0 6px rgba(74, 222, 128, 0.5);
 }
 .status-dot.status-off {
  background: var(--slate-600);
 }
 /* Separators */
 .controls-sep {
  border: none;
  border-top: 1px solid var(--panel-border);
  margin: 4px 0;
 }
 /* Section titles */
 .controls-section-title {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 6px;
  font-size: 11px;
  font-weight: 600;
  color: var(--slate-400);
  text-transform: uppercase;
  letter-spacing: 0.06em;
  margin-top: 2px;
 }
 .controls-section-title svg {
  opacity: 0.7;
 }
 /* Fields */
 .ctrl-field {
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  gap: 4px;
  flex: 1;
  min-width: 0;
 }
 .ctrl-label {
  font-size: 11px;
  color: var(--slate-500);
  font-weight: 500;
 }
 .ctrl-input,
 .ctrl-select {
  width: 100%;
  padding: 7px 10px;
  font-family: inherit;
  font-size: 13px;
  color: var(--slate-200);
  background: var(--slate-800);
  border: 1px solid var(--slate-700);
  border-radius: var(--radius-sm);
  outline: none;
  transition: border-color 0.15s;
 }
 .ctrl-input:focus,
 .ctrl-select:focus {
  border-color: var(--teal-400);
 }
 .ctrl-input::placeholder {
  color: var(--slate-600);
 }
 .ctrl-select {
  appearance: none;
  background-image: url("data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' width='12' height='12' viewBox='0 0 24 24' fill='none' stroke='%2394a3b8' stroke-width='2' stroke-linecap='round' stroke-linejoin='round'%3E%3Cpolyline points='6 9 12 15 18 9'/%3E%3C/svg%3E");
  background-repeat: no-repeat;
  background-position: right 8px center;
  padding-right: 28px;
 }
 /* Row layout */
 .controls-row {
  display: flex;
  gap: 8px;
 }
 /* Spacer */
 .controls-spacer {
  height: 4px;
 }
 /* Buttons */
 .ctrl-btn {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  gap: 6px;
  width: 100%;
  padding: 9px 14px;
  font-family: inherit;
  font-size: 13px;
  font-weight: 500;
  border: 1px solid transparent;
  border-radius: var(--radius);
  cursor: pointer;
  transition: all 0.15s;
 }
 .ctrl-btn svg {
  width: 15px;
  height: 15px;
  flex-shrink: 0;
 }
 .ctrl-btn:disabled {
  opacity: 0.5;
  cursor: not-allowed;
 }
 .ctrl-btn-primary {
  background: var(--teal-500);
  color: var(--slate-950);
 }
 .ctrl-btn-primary:hover:not(:disabled) {
  background: var(--teal-400);
 }
 .ctrl-btn-secondary {
  background: transparent;
  color: var(--slate-300);
  border-color: var(--slate-600);
 }
 .ctrl-btn-secondary:hover:not(:disabled) {
  border-color: var(--slate-400);
  color: var(--slate-100);
 }
 /* Display mode toggle group */
 .controls-mode-group {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr;
  gap: 4px;
 }
 .ctrl-mode-btn {
  padding: 6px 8px;
  font-family: inherit;
  font-size: 12px;
  font-weight: 500;
  color: var(--slate-400);
  background: var(--slate-800);
  border: 1px solid var(--slate-700);
  border-radius: var(--radius-sm);
  cursor: pointer;
  transition: all 0.15s;
 }
 .ctrl-mode-btn:hover {
  color: var(--slate-200);
  border-color: var(--slate-500);
 }
 .ctrl-mode-btn.active {
  color: var(--teal-400);
  border-color: var(--teal-400);
  background: rgba(45, 212, 191, 0.08);
 }
 /* Readout */
 .controls-readout {
  display: flex;
  align-items: baseline;
  justify-content: space-between;
  padding: 10px 12px;
  background: rgba(30, 41, 59, 0.6);
  border-radius: var(--radius-sm);
 }
 .readout-label {
  font-size: 11px;
  color: var(--slate-500);
  font-weight: 500;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  letter-spacing: 0.05em;
 }
 .readout-value {
  font-size: 18px;
  font-weight: 600;
  color: var(--amber-400);
  font-variant-numeric: tabular-nums;
 }
 /* Loading overlay for controls */
 .controls-loading {
  font-size: 12px;
  color: var(--teal-400);
  text-align: center;
  padding: 6px;
  animation: pulse 1.2s ease-in-out infinite;
 }
 /* Scene loading overlay */
 .scene-loading {
  position: absolute;
  inset: 0;
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  z-index: 5;
  pointer-events: none;
 }
 .scene-loading-content {
  text-align: center;
  color: var(--slate-500);
  font-size: 14px;
 }
 .scene-loading-content strong {
  color: var(--slate-300);
 }
 .scene-loading-spinner {
  width: 32px;
  height: 32px;
  margin: 0 auto 16px;
  border: 3px solid var(--slate-700);
  border-top-color: var(--teal-400);
  border-radius: 50%;
  animation: spin 0.8s linear infinite;
 }
@keyframes spin {
  to { transform: rotate(360deg); }
 }
@keyframes pulse {
  0%, 100% { opacity: 1; }
  50% { opacity: 0.5; }
 }
 /* Scrollbar */
 .controls-panel::-webkit-scrollbar {
  width: 4px;
 }
 .controls-panel::-webkit-scrollbar-track {
  background: transparent;
 }
 .controls-panel::-webkit-scrollbar-thumb {
  background: var(--slate-700);
  border-radius: 2px;
 }
--- a/frontend/src/types.ts
+++ b/frontend/src/types.ts
@ -0,0 +1,54 @@
 export interface PatternData {
  antenna_type: string;
  frequency_hz: number;
  wavelength_m: number;
  theta_deg: number[];
  phi_deg: number[];
  gain_dbi: number[][];
  peak_gain_dbi: number;
  e_plane: PlanePoint[];
  h_plane: PlanePoint[];
  model: string;
  resonance?: ResonanceData;
 }
 export interface PlanePoint {
  theta_deg?: number;
  phi_deg?: number;
  gain_dbi: number;
 }
 export interface ResonanceData {
  frequency_hz: number;
  swr: number;
  return_loss_db: number;
  impedance_real: number;
  impedance_imag: number;
 }
 export interface ComputeParams {
  antenna_type: string;
  frequency_hz: number;
  impedance_real: number;
  impedance_imag: number;
 }
 export interface ScanParams {
  antenna_type: string;
  start_hz: number;
  stop_hz: number;
  points: number;
 }
 export type DisplayMode = 'surface' | 'wireframe' | 'e-plane' | 'h-plane';
 export interface AppState {
  connected: boolean;
  loading: boolean;
  pattern: PatternData | null;
  displayMode: DisplayMode;
  antennaType: string;
  frequencyMhz: number;
  impedanceReal: number;
  impedanceImag: number;
 }
--- a/frontend/tsconfig.json
+++ b/frontend/tsconfig.json
@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
 {
  "compilerOptions": {
    "target": "ES2022",
    "useDefineForClassFields": true,
    "module": "ESNext",
    "lib": ["ES2022", "DOM", "DOM.Iterable"],
    "types": ["vite/client"],
    "skipLibCheck": true,
    /* Bundler mode */
    "moduleResolution": "bundler",
    "allowImportingTsExtensions": true,
    "verbatimModuleSyntax": true,
    "moduleDetection": "force",
    "noEmit": true,
    /* Linting */
    "strict": true,
    "noUnusedLocals": false,
    "noUnusedParameters": false,
    "erasableSyntaxOnly": true,
    "noFallthroughCasesInSwitch": true,
    "noUncheckedSideEffectImports": true
  },
  "include": ["src"]
 }
--- a/frontend/vite.config.ts
+++ b/frontend/vite.config.ts
@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
 import { defineConfig } from 'vite';
 export default defineConfig({
  build: {
    outDir: '../src/mcnanovna/webui/static',
    emptyOutDir: true,
  },
  server: {
    proxy: {
      '/api': 'http://localhost:8080',
      '/ws': {
        target: 'ws://localhost:8080',
        ws: true,
      },
    },
  },
 });
--- a/pyproject.toml
+++ b/pyproject.toml
@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 [project]
 name = "mcnanovna"
-version = "2026.01.30"
+version = "2026.01.31"
 description = "MCP server for NanoVNA-H vector network analyzers"
 authors = [{name = "Ryan Malloy", email = "ryan@supported.systems"}]
 requires-python = ">=3.11"
@ -10,6 +10,12 @@ dependencies = [
    "Pillow>=11.0.0",
 ]
 [project.optional-dependencies]
 webui = [
    "fastapi>=0.115.0",
    "uvicorn[standard]>=0.34.0",
 ]
 [project.scripts]
 mcnanovna = "mcnanovna.server:main"
--- a/src/mcnanovna/nanovna.py
+++ b/src/mcnanovna/nanovna.py
@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ from mcnanovna.tools import (
    DiagnosticsMixin,
    DisplayMixin,
    MeasurementMixin,
    RadiationMixin,
 )
@ -26,6 +27,7 @@ class NanoVNA(
    DeviceMixin,
    DiagnosticsMixin,
    AnalysisMixin,
    RadiationMixin,
 ):
    """MCP tool class for NanoVNA-H vector network analyzers.
--- a/src/mcnanovna/prompts.py
+++ b/src/mcnanovna/prompts.py
@ -723,6 +723,88 @@ Let me run `analyze_lc_shunt` now.""",
            ),
        ]
    @mcp.prompt
    def visualize_radiation_pattern(
        antenna_type: str = "dipole",
        band: str = "2m",
        start_hz: int | None = None,
        stop_hz: int | None = None,
        points: int = 101,
    ) -> list[Message]:
        """Guide through 3D antenna radiation pattern visualization.
        Scans S11 to determine resonant frequency and impedance, then computes
        an analytical 3D radiation pattern for the specified antenna type.
        If the web UI is running (MCNANOVNA_WEB_PORT), the pattern is pushed
        to the 3D viewer in real time.
        Args:
            antenna_type: Antenna model — 'dipole', 'monopole', 'efhw', 'loop', 'patch', or 'auto'
            band: Ham band name (e.g., '2m', '70cm', '20m') or 'custom'
            start_hz: Start frequency in Hz (overrides band)
            stop_hz: Stop frequency in Hz (overrides band)
            points: Number of measurement points
        """
        if start_hz is not None and stop_hz is not None:
            f_start, f_stop = start_hz, stop_hz
            band_label = f"Custom ({_format_freq(f_start)} – {_format_freq(f_stop)})"
        elif band in HAM_BANDS:
            f_start, f_stop = HAM_BANDS[band]
            band_label = f"{band.upper()} band"
        else:
            f_start, f_stop = HAM_BANDS["2m"]
            band_label = "2M band"
        type_label = antenna_type if antenna_type != "auto" else "auto-detected"
        return [
            Message(
                role="user",
                content=(
                    f"Visualize the radiation pattern of my {type_label} antenna "
                    f"on the {band_label} ({_format_freq(f_start)} – {_format_freq(f_stop)})."
                ),
            ),
            Message(
                role="assistant",
                content=f"""I'll generate a 3D radiation pattern for your antenna.
 **Antenna type**: {type_label}
 **Band**: {band_label} ({_format_freq(f_start)} – {_format_freq(f_stop)})
 **Points**: {points}
 **Supported antenna models** (Phase 1 — analytical patterns):
 | Type | Pattern shape | Feed-point Z at resonance |
 |------|--------------|--------------------------|
 | Dipole | Figure-8 (donut) | ~73 Ω |
 | Monopole | Half-donut over ground | ~36 Ω |
 | EFHW | Same as dipole | ~2500-5000 Ω |
 | Small loop | Figure-8 (rotated 90°) | Low R, inductive |
 | Patch | Broadside hemisphere | ~50-300 Ω |
 **How it works:**
 1. Scan S11 across the band to find resonant frequency and impedance
 2. {"Estimate antenna type from impedance" if antenna_type == "auto" else f"Use the '{antenna_type}' analytical model"}
 3. Compute 3D gain pattern on a θ×φ grid (~6500 points)
 4. Return gain in dBi at each (θ, φ) — ready for 3D rendering
 **Output includes:**
 - Full 3D gain grid (θ: 0-180°, φ: 0-355°)
 - Peak gain in dBi
 - E-plane cut (φ=0°) and H-plane cut (θ=90°)
 - S11 analysis context (resonance, impedance, SWR)
 **Web UI** (if running):
 Set `MCNANOVNA_WEB_PORT=8080` to launch the 3D viewer at http://localhost:8080.
 The pattern renders as an interactive gain-mapped sphere with OrbitControls.
 **No hardware?** Use `radiation_pattern_from_data` to compute a pattern from
 known impedance values — no VNA connection required.
 Let me scan and generate the pattern now.""",
            ),
        ]
    @mcp.prompt
    def impedance_match(
        frequency_hz: int = 145_000_000,
--- a/src/mcnanovna/radiation.py
+++ b/src/mcnanovna/radiation.py
@ -0,0 +1,423 @@
 """Antenna radiation pattern models driven by S11 measurements.
 Phase 1: Analytical models using closed-form equations for common antenna types.
 S11 gives us impedance + resonant frequency; combined with user-specified antenna
 type, we compute idealized 3D radiation patterns.
 All functions are pure Python (math + list comprehensions). No external dependencies.
 Grid size is typically 91x72 = 6552 points — trivial without numpy.
 Phase 2 hooks: generate_3d_pattern() returns standardized {theta, phi, gain_dbi}
 dicts. Future measured-pattern tools will produce the same format.
 """
 from __future__ import annotations
 import math
 # Speed of light in m/s
 C = 299_792_458
 def _deg_range(start: float, stop: float, step: float) -> list[float]:
    """Generate a list of angles in degrees from start to stop (inclusive)."""
    result = []
    val = start
    while val <= stop + step * 0.01:
        result.append(val)
        val += step
    return result
 def _directivity_to_dbi(directivity: float) -> float:
    """Convert linear directivity to dBi."""
    if directivity <= 0:
        return -40.0
    return 10.0 * math.log10(directivity)
 # ── Antenna pattern functions ─────────────────────────────────────
 #
 # Each returns linear gain (directivity) for given angles.
 # Convention: theta = polar angle from z-axis (0° = zenith),
 #             phi = azimuthal angle in x-y plane (0° = x-axis).
 # Patterns are normalized so peak directivity matches the theoretical value.
 def dipole_gain(theta_deg: float, frequency_hz: float, length_m: float | None = None) -> float:
    """Half-wave dipole radiation pattern.
    Uses the exact far-field expression for a center-fed thin dipole:
        E(θ) = cos(kL/2 · cos θ) - cos(kL/2)  /  sin θ
    For a half-wave dipole (L = λ/2), this simplifies to:
        E(θ) = cos(π/2 · cos θ) / sin θ
    Peak directivity: 2.15 dBi (1.64 linear).
    Args:
        theta_deg: Polar angle from antenna axis (degrees, 0=along wire)
        frequency_hz: Operating frequency in Hz
        length_m: Physical length in meters (default: half-wavelength)
    """
    wavelength = C / frequency_hz
    if length_m is None:
        length_m = wavelength / 2.0
    theta = math.radians(theta_deg)
    sin_theta = math.sin(theta)
    if abs(sin_theta) < 1e-10:
        return 0.0
    k = 2.0 * math.pi / wavelength
    half_kl = k * length_m / 2.0
    cos_theta = math.cos(theta)
    numerator = math.cos(half_kl * cos_theta) - math.cos(half_kl)
    e_field = numerator / sin_theta
    # Normalize to peak directivity of 1.64 (2.15 dBi) for half-wave
    # The raw max of cos(π/2·cosθ)/sinθ is 1.0 at θ=90°
    directivity = 1.64 * e_field * e_field
    return directivity
 def monopole_gain(theta_deg: float, frequency_hz: float, length_m: float | None = None) -> float:
    """Quarter-wave monopole over perfect ground plane.
    Image theory: a monopole over ground has the same pattern as the upper
    hemisphere of a dipole, but with doubled directivity (energy only radiates
    into the upper hemisphere).
    Peak directivity: 5.15 dBi (3.28 linear) = dipole + 3 dB ground gain.
    Impedance at resonance: ~36 Ω (half of dipole's 73 Ω).
    Args:
        theta_deg: Elevation angle (0=horizon, 90=zenith)
        frequency_hz: Operating frequency in Hz
        length_m: Physical length in meters (default: quarter-wavelength)
    """
    wavelength = C / frequency_hz
    if length_m is None:
        length_m = wavelength / 4.0
    # Monopole: no radiation below ground plane
    if theta_deg > 90.0:
        return 0.0
    # Map elevation to dipole theta (monopole elevation 0°=horizon → dipole 90°)
    dipole_theta = 90.0 - theta_deg
    # Use dipole pattern with doubled length (image theory)
    gain = dipole_gain(dipole_theta, frequency_hz, length_m * 2.0)
    # Double directivity for hemisphere-only radiation
    return gain * 2.0
 def loop_gain(theta_deg: float, frequency_hz: float, circumference_m: float | None = None) -> float:
    """Small magnetic loop antenna pattern.
    A small loop (circumference << λ) acts as a magnetic dipole with
    a sin(θ) pattern (null along the loop axis, maximum in the plane
    of the loop).
    Peak directivity: 1.76 dBi (1.5 linear) — same as a short dipole.
    Args:
        theta_deg: Polar angle from loop axis (0=through loop, 90=in loop plane)
        frequency_hz: Operating frequency in Hz
        circumference_m: Loop circumference in meters (default: λ/10)
    """
    wavelength = C / frequency_hz
    if circumference_m is None:
        circumference_m = wavelength / 10.0
    theta = math.radians(theta_deg)
    sin_theta = math.sin(theta)
    # Small loop: D(θ) = 1.5 * sin²(θ)
    return 1.5 * sin_theta * sin_theta
 def patch_gain(
    theta_deg: float,
    phi_deg: float,
    frequency_hz: float,
    width_m: float | None = None,
    length_m: float | None = None,
    er: float = 4.4,
 ) -> float:
    """Rectangular microstrip patch antenna (cavity model).
    The patch radiates broadside (maximum at θ=0). The E-plane (φ=0) and
    H-plane (φ=90°) patterns differ due to the rectangular aperture.
    E-plane: cos(θ) envelope × sinc(kW/2 · sin θ)
    H-plane: cos(kL_eff/2 · sin θ) × cos(θ)
    Peak directivity: ~6-8 dBi depending on substrate.
    Args:
        theta_deg: Polar angle from broadside (0=directly above patch)
        phi_deg: Azimuthal angle (0=E-plane, 90=H-plane)
        frequency_hz: Operating frequency in Hz
        width_m: Patch width in meters (default: estimated from frequency + εr)
        length_m: Patch length in meters (default: λ_eff/2)
        er: Substrate relative permittivity (default 4.4 for FR-4)
    """
    wavelength = C / frequency_hz
    lambda_eff = wavelength / math.sqrt(er)
    if length_m is None:
        length_m = lambda_eff / 2.0
    if width_m is None:
        width_m = wavelength / 2.0  # Typical width ~ free-space λ/2
    theta = math.radians(theta_deg)
    phi = math.radians(phi_deg)
    cos_theta = math.cos(theta)
    sin_theta = math.sin(theta)
    cos_phi = math.cos(phi)
    sin_phi = math.sin(phi)
    # No radiation behind ground plane
    if theta_deg > 90.0:
        return 0.0
    k0 = 2.0 * math.pi / wavelength
    # E-plane factor (along patch length)
    kw_arg = k0 * width_m * sin_theta * cos_phi / 2.0
    if abs(kw_arg) < 1e-10:
        sinc_e = 1.0
    else:
        sinc_e = math.sin(kw_arg) / kw_arg
    # H-plane factor (along patch width)
    kl_arg = k0 * length_m * sin_theta * sin_phi / 2.0
    cos_h = math.cos(kl_arg)
    # Combine: directivity pattern
    pattern = cos_theta * sinc_e * cos_h
    gain = pattern * pattern
    # Approximate peak directivity for a patch: D ≈ 4πWL/λ² * radiation efficiency
    # Simplified to ~6.6 (8.2 dBi) for typical patch
    peak_d = min(4.0 * math.pi * width_m * length_m / (wavelength * wavelength), 8.0)
    peak_d = max(peak_d, 4.0)  # Floor at ~6 dBi
    return peak_d * gain
 def efhw_gain(theta_deg: float, frequency_hz: float) -> float:
    """End-Fed Half-Wave (EFHW) antenna pattern.
    An EFHW has fundamentally the same radiation pattern as a center-fed
    half-wave dipole — the current distribution is the same sinusoidal
    shape. The feed-point impedance is very high (~2500-5000 Ω) because
    it's fed at the voltage maximum, but the far-field pattern is identical.
    Peak directivity: 2.15 dBi (1.64 linear).
    Args:
        theta_deg: Polar angle from wire axis (0=along wire)
        frequency_hz: Operating frequency in Hz
    """
    return dipole_gain(theta_deg, frequency_hz, length_m=None)
 # ── Antenna type estimation ───────────────────────────────────────
 def estimate_antenna_type(
    impedance_real: float,
    impedance_imag: float,
    resonant_freq_hz: float,
    bandwidth_hz: float = 0,
 ) -> str:
    """Estimate antenna type from measured impedance at resonance.
    Uses feed-point impedance as the primary discriminator:
    - ~73 Ω → half-wave dipole
    - ~36 Ω → quarter-wave monopole (or λ/4 vertical)
    - ~2500-5000 Ω → EFHW
    - Low R with high inductive X → small loop
    - ~50-300 Ω broadside → patch
    This is a heuristic — many antennas don't fit neatly into categories.
    Args:
        impedance_real: Resistance at resonance (Ω)
        impedance_imag: Reactance at resonance (Ω)
        resonant_freq_hz: Resonant frequency in Hz
        bandwidth_hz: 2:1 SWR bandwidth in Hz (0 if unknown)
    """
    r = impedance_real
    x = abs(impedance_imag)
    if r > 1500:
        return "efhw"
    if r < 5 and x > 10:
        return "loop"
    if 25 <= r <= 42 and x < 20:
        return "monopole"
    if 45 <= r <= 100 and x < 30:
        return "dipole"
    if 100 < r <= 500 and x < 50:
        return "patch"
    # Fallback: use resonant impedance vs canonical values
    if abs(r - 73) < abs(r - 36):
        return "dipole"
    return "monopole"
 # ── 3D pattern generation ─────────────────────────────────────────
 def generate_3d_pattern(
    antenna_type: str,
    frequency_hz: float,
    s11_analysis: dict | None = None,
    theta_step: float = 2.0,
    phi_step: float = 5.0,
    length_m: float | None = None,
    er: float = 4.4,
 ) -> dict:
    """Generate a full 3D radiation pattern grid.
    Returns a dict with theta/phi axes and a 2D gain grid suitable for
    rendering as a gain-mapped sphere in Three.js.
    This is the standardized output format shared between Phase 1 (analytical)
    and Phase 2 (measured) patterns.
    Args:
        antenna_type: One of 'dipole', 'monopole', 'efhw', 'loop', 'patch'
        frequency_hz: Operating frequency in Hz
        s11_analysis: Optional S11 analysis dict (from analyze_scan) for context
        theta_step: Polar angle resolution in degrees (default 2°)
        phi_step: Azimuthal angle resolution in degrees (default 5°)
        length_m: Override antenna element length in meters
        er: Substrate εr for patch antennas (default 4.4)
    """
    thetas = _deg_range(0.0, 180.0, theta_step)
    phis = _deg_range(0.0, 355.0, phi_step)
    # Build gain grid: gain[i_theta][i_phi] in dBi
    gain_grid: list[list[float]] = []
    peak_linear = 0.0
    for theta in thetas:
        row: list[float] = []
        for phi in phis:
            if antenna_type == "dipole":
                g = dipole_gain(theta, frequency_hz, length_m)
            elif antenna_type == "monopole":
                g = monopole_gain(theta, frequency_hz, length_m)
            elif antenna_type == "efhw":
                g = efhw_gain(theta, frequency_hz)
            elif antenna_type == "loop":
                g = loop_gain(theta, frequency_hz)
            elif antenna_type == "patch":
                g = patch_gain(theta, phi, frequency_hz, length_m=length_m, er=er)
            else:
                g = dipole_gain(theta, frequency_hz, length_m)
            if g > peak_linear:
                peak_linear = g
            row.append(g)
        gain_grid.append(row)
    # Convert to dBi
    gain_dbi: list[list[float]] = []
    for row in gain_grid:
        gain_dbi.append([_directivity_to_dbi(g) for g in row])
    peak_dbi = _directivity_to_dbi(peak_linear)
    # Compute E-plane and H-plane cuts
    # E-plane: φ=0° (first column of each theta row)
    e_plane = [{"theta_deg": thetas[i], "gain_dbi": gain_dbi[i][0]} for i in range(len(thetas))]
    # H-plane: θ=90° (row at theta=90°, all phi values)
    theta_90_idx = min(range(len(thetas)), key=lambda i: abs(thetas[i] - 90.0))
    h_plane = [{"phi_deg": phis[j], "gain_dbi": gain_dbi[theta_90_idx][j]} for j in range(len(phis))]
    wavelength = C / frequency_hz
    result: dict = {
        "antenna_type": antenna_type,
        "frequency_hz": frequency_hz,
        "wavelength_m": round(wavelength, 4),
        "theta_deg": thetas,
        "phi_deg": phis,
        "gain_dbi": gain_dbi,
        "peak_gain_dbi": round(peak_dbi, 2),
        "e_plane": e_plane,
        "h_plane": h_plane,
        "grid_size": {"theta_points": len(thetas), "phi_points": len(phis), "total_points": len(thetas) * len(phis)},
        "model": "analytical",
    }
    if s11_analysis:
        result["s11_context"] = s11_analysis
    return result
 # ── Multi-frequency pattern generation ────────────────────────────
 def generate_multi_frequency_patterns(
    antenna_type: str,
    frequencies_hz: list[float],
    s11_analysis: dict | None = None,
    theta_step: float = 4.0,
    phi_step: float = 10.0,
    length_m: float | None = None,
    er: float = 4.4,
 ) -> dict:
    """Generate patterns at multiple frequencies for animation.
    Uses a coarser grid (4°×10° = 46×36 = 1656 points per frequency)
    to keep total payload reasonable for WebSocket streaming.
    Args:
        antenna_type: Antenna type string
        frequencies_hz: List of frequencies to compute patterns at
        s11_analysis: Optional analysis context
        theta_step: Coarser theta step for multi-freq (default 4°)
        phi_step: Coarser phi step for multi-freq (default 10°)
        length_m: Override antenna element length
        er: Substrate εr for patch
    """
    patterns = []
    for freq in frequencies_hz:
        p = generate_3d_pattern(
            antenna_type,
            freq,
            s11_analysis=None,
            theta_step=theta_step,
            phi_step=phi_step,
            length_m=length_m,
            er=er,
        )
        # Slim down for multi-freq: drop plane cuts, keep grid
        patterns.append(
            {
                "frequency_hz": freq,
                "gain_dbi": p["gain_dbi"],
                "peak_gain_dbi": p["peak_gain_dbi"],
            }
        )
    return {
        "antenna_type": antenna_type,
        "count": len(patterns),
        "theta_deg": _deg_range(0.0, 180.0, theta_step),
        "phi_deg": _deg_range(0.0, 355.0, phi_step),
        "patterns": patterns,
        "model": "analytical",
    }
--- a/src/mcnanovna/server.py
+++ b/src/mcnanovna/server.py
@ -90,6 +90,10 @@ _TOOL_METHODS = [
    "analyze_lc_match",
    "analyze_s11_resonance",
    "analyze",
    # tools/radiation.py — RadiationMixin
    "radiation_pattern",
    "radiation_pattern_from_data",
    "radiation_pattern_multi",
 ]
@ -112,10 +116,14 @@ def create_server() -> FastMCP:
            "'analyze_lc_series' and 'analyze_lc_shunt' (resonator parameters from S21), "
            "'analyze_lc_match' (L-network matching solver, accepts direct R+jX or scans S11), "
            "'analyze_s11_resonance' (find up to 6 resonant frequencies).\n\n"
            "Radiation pattern tools: 'radiation_pattern' (scan S11 → 3D pattern), "
            "'radiation_pattern_from_data' (compute pattern from known impedance, no hardware), "
            "'radiation_pattern_multi' (patterns at N frequencies for animation). "
            "Supported antenna types: dipole, monopole, efhw, loop, patch, or 'auto' to estimate.\n\n"
            "Prompts are available for guided workflows: calibrate, export_touchstone, "
            "analyze_antenna, measure_cable, compare_sweeps, analyze_crystal, "
            "analyze_filter_response, measure_tdr, measure_component, measure_lc_series, "
-            "measure_lc_shunt, and impedance_match."
+            "measure_lc_shunt, impedance_match, and visualize_radiation_pattern."
        ),
    )
    vna = NanoVNA()
@ -131,6 +139,8 @@ def create_server() -> FastMCP:
 def main() -> None:
    import os
    try:
        from importlib.metadata import version
@ -140,6 +150,19 @@ def main() -> None:
    print(f"mcnanovna v{package_version} — NanoVNA-H MCP server")
    web_port = os.environ.get("MCNANOVNA_WEB_PORT")
    if web_port:
        try:
            port = int(web_port)
            from mcnanovna.webui import start_web_server
            start_web_server(port)
            print(f"Web UI available at http://localhost:{port}")
        except ImportError:
            print("Web UI requires optional dependencies: pip install mcnanovna[webui]")
        except ValueError:
            print(f"Invalid MCNANOVNA_WEB_PORT: {web_port}")
    server = create_server()
    server.run()
--- a/src/mcnanovna/tools/init.py
+++ b/src/mcnanovna/tools/init.py
@ -15,6 +15,7 @@ from .device import DeviceMixin
 from .diagnostics import DiagnosticsMixin
 from .display import DisplayMixin
 from .measurement import MeasurementMixin
 from .radiation import RadiationMixin
 async def _progress(ctx: Context | None, progress: float, total: float, message: str) -> None:
@ -30,4 +31,5 @@ __all__ = [
    "DiagnosticsMixin",
    "DisplayMixin",
    "MeasurementMixin",
    "RadiationMixin",
 ]
--- a/src/mcnanovna/tools/radiation.py
+++ b/src/mcnanovna/tools/radiation.py
@ -0,0 +1,204 @@
 """RadiationMixin — 3D antenna radiation pattern tools."""
 from __future__ import annotations
 import asyncio
 from fastmcp import Context
 class RadiationMixin:
    """Radiation pattern tools: radiation_pattern, radiation_pattern_from_data, radiation_pattern_multi."""
    async def radiation_pattern(
        self,
        antenna_type: str = "dipole",
        start_hz: int | None = None,
        stop_hz: int | None = None,
        points: int = 101,
        theta_step: float = 2.0,
        phi_step: float = 5.0,
        er: float = 4.4,
        ctx: Context | None = None,
    ) -> dict:
        """Scan S11, find resonance, and compute a 3D radiation pattern.
        Performs an S11 scan across the specified range, identifies the resonant
        frequency and impedance, optionally estimates the antenna type, then
        generates an analytical 3D radiation pattern grid.
        Returns {theta_deg, phi_deg, gain_dbi} suitable for 3D visualization.
        Args:
            antenna_type: Antenna model — 'dipole', 'monopole', 'efhw', 'loop', 'patch', or 'auto' to estimate from impedance
            start_hz: Start frequency in Hz (default: 2m band 144 MHz)
            stop_hz: Stop frequency in Hz (default: 2m band 148 MHz)
            points: Number of S11 scan points (default 101)
            theta_step: Polar angle resolution in degrees (default 2°)
            phi_step: Azimuthal angle resolution in degrees (default 5°)
            er: Substrate εr for patch antennas (default 4.4 for FR-4)
        """
        from mcnanovna.calculations import analyze_scan, find_resonance
        from mcnanovna.radiation import estimate_antenna_type, generate_3d_pattern
        from mcnanovna.tools import _progress
        if start_hz is None:
            start_hz = 144_000_000
        if stop_hz is None:
            stop_hz = 148_000_000
        await _progress(ctx, 1, 5, "Connecting to NanoVNA...")
        await asyncio.to_thread(self._ensure_connected)
        await _progress(ctx, 2, 5, f"Scanning S11 ({points} points)...")
        scan_result = await self.scan(start_hz, stop_hz, points, s11=True, s21=False)
        if "error" in scan_result:
            return scan_result
        await _progress(ctx, 3, 5, "Analyzing S11 data...")
        freqs = [pt["frequency_hz"] for pt in scan_result["data"]]
        s11_data = [pt["s11"] for pt in scan_result["data"]]
        s11_complex = [complex(s["real"], s["imag"]) for s in s11_data]
        analysis = analyze_scan(scan_result["data"])
        resonance = find_resonance(s11_complex, freqs)
        # Auto-detect antenna type from impedance
        if antenna_type == "auto":
            res_freq = resonance.get("frequency_hz", freqs[len(freqs) // 2])
            z_real = resonance.get("impedance_real", 50.0)
            z_imag = resonance.get("impedance_imag", 0.0)
            bw = analysis.get("s11_analysis", {}).get("bandwidth_2_1", {}).get("bandwidth_hz", 0)
            antenna_type = estimate_antenna_type(z_real, z_imag, res_freq, bw)
        res_freq = resonance.get("frequency_hz", (start_hz + stop_hz) // 2)
        await _progress(ctx, 4, 5, f"Computing {antenna_type} radiation pattern at {res_freq} Hz...")
        pattern = generate_3d_pattern(
            antenna_type=antenna_type,
            frequency_hz=res_freq,
            s11_analysis=analysis.get("s11_analysis"),
            theta_step=theta_step,
            phi_step=phi_step,
            er=er,
        )
        pattern["scan_info"] = {
            "start_hz": start_hz,
            "stop_hz": stop_hz,
            "points": scan_result["points"],
        }
        pattern["resonance"] = resonance
        await _progress(ctx, 5, 5, "Radiation pattern complete")
        return pattern
    async def radiation_pattern_from_data(
        self,
        antenna_type: str = "dipole",
        frequency_hz: float = 145_000_000,
        impedance_real: float = 73.0,
        impedance_imag: float = 0.0,
        theta_step: float = 2.0,
        phi_step: float = 5.0,
        length_m: float | None = None,
        er: float = 4.4,
        ctx: Context | None = None,
    ) -> dict:
        """Compute a 3D radiation pattern from provided impedance (no hardware).
        Generates an analytical radiation pattern using the specified antenna
        type and frequency. No VNA connection required — useful for what-if
        analysis or when impedance is already known.
        Args:
            antenna_type: Antenna model — 'dipole', 'monopole', 'efhw', 'loop', 'patch', or 'auto'
            frequency_hz: Operating frequency in Hz (default 145 MHz)
            impedance_real: Known resistance at resonance in ohms (default 73)
            impedance_imag: Known reactance at resonance in ohms (default 0)
            theta_step: Polar angle resolution in degrees (default 2°)
            phi_step: Azimuthal angle resolution in degrees (default 5°)
            length_m: Override antenna element length in meters (default: calculated from frequency)
            er: Substrate εr for patch antennas (default 4.4)
        """
        from mcnanovna.radiation import estimate_antenna_type, generate_3d_pattern
        from mcnanovna.tools import _progress
        if antenna_type == "auto":
            antenna_type = estimate_antenna_type(impedance_real, impedance_imag, frequency_hz)
        await _progress(ctx, 1, 2, f"Computing {antenna_type} pattern at {frequency_hz} Hz...")
        s11_context = {
            "resonance": {
                "frequency_hz": frequency_hz,
                "impedance_real": impedance_real,
                "impedance_imag": impedance_imag,
            }
        }
        pattern = generate_3d_pattern(
            antenna_type=antenna_type,
            frequency_hz=frequency_hz,
            s11_analysis=s11_context,
            theta_step=theta_step,
            phi_step=phi_step,
            length_m=length_m,
            er=er,
        )
        await _progress(ctx, 2, 2, "Pattern generation complete")
        return pattern
    async def radiation_pattern_multi(
        self,
        antenna_type: str = "dipole",
        start_hz: int = 144_000_000,
        stop_hz: int = 148_000_000,
        num_frequencies: int = 5,
        theta_step: float = 4.0,
        phi_step: float = 10.0,
        length_m: float | None = None,
        er: float = 4.4,
        ctx: Context | None = None,
    ) -> dict:
        """Compute radiation patterns at multiple frequencies across a band.
        Generates a series of 3D patterns at evenly-spaced frequencies for
        animation or comparison. Uses a coarser grid to keep payload size
        manageable for WebSocket streaming.
        Args:
            antenna_type: Antenna model — 'dipole', 'monopole', 'efhw', 'loop', 'patch'
            start_hz: Band start frequency in Hz
            stop_hz: Band stop frequency in Hz
            num_frequencies: Number of frequency steps (default 5)
            theta_step: Polar angle resolution in degrees (default 4°, coarser for multi)
            phi_step: Azimuthal angle resolution in degrees (default 10°, coarser for multi)
            length_m: Override antenna element length in meters
            er: Substrate εr for patch antennas (default 4.4)
        """
        from mcnanovna.radiation import generate_multi_frequency_patterns
        from mcnanovna.tools import _progress
        if num_frequencies < 2:
            num_frequencies = 2
        if num_frequencies > 20:
            num_frequencies = 20
        step = (stop_hz - start_hz) / (num_frequencies - 1)
        frequencies = [start_hz + int(i * step) for i in range(num_frequencies)]
        await _progress(ctx, 1, 2, f"Computing {num_frequencies} patterns from {start_hz} to {stop_hz} Hz...")
        result = generate_multi_frequency_patterns(
            antenna_type=antenna_type,
            frequencies_hz=frequencies,
            theta_step=theta_step,
            phi_step=phi_step,
            length_m=length_m,
            er=er,
        )
        await _progress(ctx, 2, 2, f"Generated {num_frequencies} radiation patterns")
        return result
--- a/src/mcnanovna/webui/init.py
+++ b/src/mcnanovna/webui/init.py
@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
 """Optional web UI for 3D radiation pattern visualization.
 Requires optional dependencies: pip install mcnanovna[webui]
 Activated by setting MCNANOVNA_WEB_PORT=8080 environment variable.
 """
 from __future__ import annotations
 import threading
 def start_web_server(port: int = 8080) -> None:
    """Start the FastAPI web server in a background thread.
    The web server shares the same process as the MCP server but listens
    on a separate TCP port. It serves the built frontend assets and
    provides REST + WebSocket endpoints for pattern computation.
    Args:
        port: TCP port to listen on (default 8080)
    """
    import uvicorn
    from mcnanovna.webui.api import create_app
    app = create_app()
    def _run() -> None:
        uvicorn.run(app, host="0.0.0.0", port=port, log_level="warning")
    thread = threading.Thread(target=_run, daemon=True, name="mcnanovna-webui")
    thread.start()
--- a/src/mcnanovna/webui/api.py
+++ b/src/mcnanovna/webui/api.py
@ -0,0 +1,218 @@
 """FastAPI REST + WebSocket endpoints for the radiation pattern web UI.
 Serves the built frontend assets and provides endpoints for pattern
 computation, VNA scanning, and real-time WebSocket updates.
 """
 from __future__ import annotations
 import asyncio
 import json
 from pathlib import Path
 from fastapi import FastAPI, WebSocket, WebSocketDisconnect
 from fastapi.responses import FileResponse
 from fastapi.staticfiles import StaticFiles
 from pydantic import BaseModel
 STATIC_DIR = Path(__file__).parent / "static"
 # Shared lock prevents concurrent VNA scans from web + MCP
 _scan_lock = asyncio.Lock()
 # Connected WebSocket clients for pattern broadcast
 _ws_clients: set[WebSocket] = set()
 class ComputeRequest(BaseModel):
    antenna_type: str = "dipole"
    frequency_hz: float = 145_000_000
    impedance_real: float = 73.0
    impedance_imag: float = 0.0
    theta_step: float = 2.0
    phi_step: float = 5.0
    length_m: float | None = None
    er: float = 4.4
 class ScanRequest(BaseModel):
    antenna_type: str = "auto"
    start_hz: int = 144_000_000
    stop_hz: int = 148_000_000
    points: int = 101
    theta_step: float = 2.0
    phi_step: float = 5.0
    er: float = 4.4
 def create_app() -> FastAPI:
    app = FastAPI(title="mcnanovna Web UI", docs_url=None, redoc_url=None)
    # ── API routes ────────────────────────────────────────────────
    @app.get("/api/status")
    async def api_status():
        """VNA connection status."""
        return {"status": "ok", "web_ui": True, "clients": len(_ws_clients)}
    @app.get("/api/bands")
    async def api_bands():
        """Ham band presets for the frequency selector."""
        from mcnanovna.prompts import HAM_BANDS
        return {name: {"start_hz": start, "stop_hz": stop} for name, (start, stop) in HAM_BANDS.items()}
    @app.post("/api/pattern/compute")
    async def api_pattern_compute(req: ComputeRequest):
        """Compute a radiation pattern from provided impedance (no VNA needed)."""
        from mcnanovna.radiation import estimate_antenna_type, generate_3d_pattern
        antenna_type = req.antenna_type
        if antenna_type == "auto":
            antenna_type = estimate_antenna_type(req.impedance_real, req.impedance_imag, req.frequency_hz)
        pattern = generate_3d_pattern(
            antenna_type=antenna_type,
            frequency_hz=req.frequency_hz,
            s11_analysis={
                "resonance": {
                    "frequency_hz": req.frequency_hz,
                    "impedance_real": req.impedance_real,
                    "impedance_imag": req.impedance_imag,
                }
            },
            theta_step=req.theta_step,
            phi_step=req.phi_step,
            length_m=req.length_m,
            er=req.er,
        )
        # Broadcast to WebSocket clients
        await _broadcast_pattern(pattern)
        return pattern
    @app.post("/api/pattern")
    async def api_pattern_scan(req: ScanRequest):
        """Scan S11 on the VNA and compute a radiation pattern."""
        from mcnanovna.calculations import analyze_scan, find_resonance
        from mcnanovna.radiation import estimate_antenna_type, generate_3d_pattern
        async with _scan_lock:
            # Lazy import — NanoVNA singleton not available until server starts
            vna = _get_vna()
            if vna is None:
                return {"error": "VNA not available — MCP server must be running"}
            scan_result = await vna.scan(req.start_hz, req.stop_hz, req.points, s11=True, s21=False)
        if "error" in scan_result:
            return scan_result
        freqs = [pt["frequency_hz"] for pt in scan_result["data"]]
        s11_data = [pt["s11"] for pt in scan_result["data"]]
        s11_complex = [complex(s["real"], s["imag"]) for s in s11_data]
        analysis = analyze_scan(scan_result["data"])
        resonance = find_resonance(s11_complex, freqs)
        antenna_type = req.antenna_type
        if antenna_type == "auto":
            z_real = resonance.get("impedance_real", 50.0)
            z_imag = resonance.get("impedance_imag", 0.0)
            bw = analysis.get("s11_analysis", {}).get("bandwidth_2_1", {}).get("bandwidth_hz", 0)
            antenna_type = estimate_antenna_type(z_real, z_imag, resonance.get("frequency_hz", 0), bw)
        res_freq = resonance.get("frequency_hz", (req.start_hz + req.stop_hz) // 2)
        pattern = generate_3d_pattern(
            antenna_type=antenna_type,
            frequency_hz=res_freq,
            s11_analysis=analysis.get("s11_analysis"),
            theta_step=req.theta_step,
            phi_step=req.phi_step,
            er=req.er,
        )
        pattern["resonance"] = resonance
        pattern["scan_info"] = {
            "start_hz": req.start_hz,
            "stop_hz": req.stop_hz,
            "points": scan_result["points"],
        }
        await _broadcast_pattern(pattern)
        return pattern
    # ── WebSocket ─────────────────────────────────────────────────
    @app.websocket("/ws/pattern")
    async def ws_pattern(websocket: WebSocket):
        await websocket.accept()
        _ws_clients.add(websocket)
        try:
            while True:
                # Keep connection alive; client can also send requests
                data = await websocket.receive_text()
                try:
                    msg = json.loads(data)
                    if msg.get("type") == "compute":
                        req = ComputeRequest(**msg.get("params", {}))
                        result = await api_pattern_compute(req)
                        await websocket.send_json({"type": "pattern", "data": result})
                except (json.JSONDecodeError, TypeError, ValueError):
                    await websocket.send_json({"type": "error", "message": "Invalid request"})
        except WebSocketDisconnect:
            pass
        finally:
            _ws_clients.discard(websocket)
    # ── Static files (built frontend) ─────────────────────────────
    @app.get("/")
    async def serve_index():
        index_path = STATIC_DIR / "index.html"
        if index_path.exists():
            return FileResponse(index_path)
        return {"error": "Frontend not built. Run: cd frontend && npm run build"}
    if STATIC_DIR.exists():
        app.mount("/assets", StaticFiles(directory=str(STATIC_DIR / "assets")), name="assets")
    return app
 # ── Helpers ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────
 def _get_vna():
    """Try to get the shared NanoVNA instance from the MCP server.
    Returns None if the MCP server hasn't started yet or if the module
    structure doesn't support it. The web UI can still compute patterns
    without hardware using the /api/pattern/compute endpoint.
    """
    try:
        # The NanoVNA is instantiated in create_server() — we create a
        # separate lightweight instance for the web UI. It shares the same
        # USB device (auto-discovery handles this).
        from mcnanovna.nanovna import NanoVNA
        if not hasattr(_get_vna, "_instance"):
            _get_vna._instance = NanoVNA()
        return _get_vna._instance
    except Exception:
        return None
 async def _broadcast_pattern(pattern: dict) -> None:
    """Push a pattern update to all connected WebSocket clients."""
    if not _ws_clients:
        return
    message = json.dumps({"type": "pattern", "data": pattern})
    disconnected = set()
    for ws in _ws_clients:
        try:
            await ws.send_text(message)
        except Exception:
            disconnected.add(ws)
    _ws_clients.difference_update(disconnected)
--- a/src/mcnanovna/webui/static/assets/index-DeJaSUhK.css
+++ b/src/mcnanovna/webui/static/assets/index-DeJaSUhK.css
--- a/src/mcnanovna/webui/static/assets/index-khVaWAJ2.js
+++ b/src/mcnanovna/webui/static/assets/index-khVaWAJ2.js
--- a/src/mcnanovna/webui/static/index.html
+++ b/src/mcnanovna/webui/static/index.html
@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
 <!DOCTYPE html>
 <html lang="en">
 <head>
  <meta charset="UTF-8">
  <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
  <title>mcnanovna -- Radiation Pattern</title>
  <link href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Inter:wght@400;500;600&display=swap" rel="stylesheet">
  <script type="module" crossorigin src="/assets/index-khVaWAJ2.js"></script>
  <link rel="stylesheet" crossorigin href="/assets/index-DeJaSUhK.css">
 </head>
 <body>
  <div id="app">
    <div id="controls"></div>
    <div id="scene-container"></div>
    <canvas id="smith-chart" width="200" height="200"></canvas>
  </div>
 </body>
 </html>
--- a/uv.lock
+++ b/uv.lock
@ -2,6 +2,15 @@ version = 1
 revision = 3
 requires-python = ">=3.11"
 [[package]]
 name = "annotated-doc"
 version = "0.0.4"
 source = { registry = "https://pypi.org/simple" }
 sdist = { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/57/ba/046ceea27344560984e26a590f90bc7f4a75b06701f653222458922b558c/annotated_doc-0.0.4.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:fbcda96e87e9c92ad167c2e53839e57503ecfda18804ea28102353485033faa4", size = 7288, upload-time = "2025-11-10T22:07:42.062Z" }
 wheels = [
    { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/1e/d3/26bf1008eb3d2daa8ef4cacc7f3bfdc11818d111f7e2d0201bc6e3b49d45/annotated_doc-0.0.4-py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:571ac1dc6991c450b25a9c2d84a3705e2ae7a53467b5d111c24fa8baabbed320", size = 5303, upload-time = "2025-11-10T22:07:40.673Z" },
 ]
 [[package]]
 name = "annotated-types"
 version = "0.7.0"
@ -416,6 +425,21 @@ lua = [
    { name = "lupa" },
 ]
 [[package]]
 name = "fastapi"
 version = "0.128.0"
 source = { registry = "https://pypi.org/simple" }
 dependencies = [
    { name = "annotated-doc" },
    { name = "pydantic" },
    { name = "starlette" },
    { name = "typing-extensions" },
 ]
 sdist = { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/52/08/8c8508db6c7b9aae8f7175046af41baad690771c9bcde676419965e338c7/fastapi-0.128.0.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:1cc179e1cef10a6be60ffe429f79b829dce99d8de32d7acb7e6c8dfdf7f2645a", size = 365682, upload-time = "2025-12-27T15:21:13.714Z" }
 wheels = [
    { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/5c/05/5cbb59154b093548acd0f4c7c474a118eda06da25aa75c616b72d8fcd92a/fastapi-0.128.0-py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:aebd93f9716ee3b4f4fcfe13ffb7cf308d99c9f3ab5622d8877441072561582d", size = 103094, upload-time = "2025-12-27T15:21:12.154Z" },
 ]
 [[package]]
 name = "fastmcp"
 version = "2.14.4"
@ -467,6 +491,42 @@ wheels = [
    { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/7e/f5/f66802a942d491edb555dd61e3a9961140fd64c90bce1eafd741609d334d/httpcore-1.0.9-py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:2d400746a40668fc9dec9810239072b40b4484b640a8c38fd654a024c7a1bf55", size = 78784, upload-time = "2025-04-24T22:06:20.566Z" },
 ]
 [[package]]
 name = "httptools"
 version = "0.7.1"
 source = { registry = "https://pypi.org/simple" }
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