diff --git a/src/freeroute/ses/indent.py b/src/freeroute/ses/indent.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8a3d1c6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/freeroute/ses/indent.py
@@ -0,0 +1,103 @@
+"""Indented S-expression output and identifier quoting for SES writing.
+
+Ports two FreeRouting helpers used by the session writer:
+
+* :class:`IndentWriter` mirrors ``datastructures/IndentFileWriter`` — a 2-space
+  indenting writer with ``start_scope`` / ``end_scope`` / ``new_line``.
+* :class:`Identifier` mirrors ``datastructures/IdentifierType`` — quotes a name
+  when it contains a reserved character, a non-ASCII character, or starts with a
+  digit; strips surrounding quotes and any embedded quote character first.
+
+The SES reserved-character set is the one ``SesWriter`` constructs:
+``( ) <space> ; - _ / ~ { }``. Note that ``-`` and ``_`` are reserved, so net
+names like ``NET_A`` and padstacks like ``Via[0-1]_600:300_um`` are quoted.
+"""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+from io import StringIO
+import re
+
+__all__ = ["IndentWriter", "Identifier", "SES_RESERVED_CHARS"]
+
+_INDENT = "  "
+
+#: Reserved characters for SES identifiers (from SesWriter.write).
+SES_RESERVED_CHARS: tuple[str, ...] = (
+    "(",
+    ")",
+    " ",
+    ";",
+    "-",
+    "_",
+    "/",
+    "~",
+    "{",
+    "}",
+)
+
+_LEADING_DIGIT = re.compile(r"-?\d")
+
+
+class IndentWriter:
+    """Accumulates indented S-expression text, mirroring ``IndentFileWriter``."""
+
+    def __init__(self) -> None:
+        self._buf = StringIO()
+        self._level = 0
+
+    def write(self, text: str) -> None:
+        self._buf.write(text)
+
+    def new_line(self) -> None:
+        """Start a new line at the current indent level."""
+        self._buf.write("\n")
+        self._buf.write(_INDENT * self._level)
+
+    def start_scope(self, new_line: bool = True) -> None:
+        """Open a ``(`` scope, optionally on a fresh line, and indent."""
+        if new_line:
+            self.new_line()
+        self._buf.write("(")
+        self._level += 1
+
+    def end_scope(self) -> None:
+        """Close the innermost scope with ``)`` on its own aligned line."""
+        self._level -= 1
+        self.new_line()
+        self._buf.write(")")
+
+    def getvalue(self) -> str:
+        return self._buf.getvalue()
+
+
+class Identifier:
+    """Formats a name as a DSN/SES token, quoting it when required."""
+
+    def __init__(
+        self, string_quote: str = '"', reserved: tuple[str, ...] = SES_RESERVED_CHARS
+    ) -> None:
+        self.quote = string_quote or '"'
+        self.reserved = tuple(reserved)
+
+    def format(self, name: str) -> str:
+        """Return ``name`` quoted if it needs quoting, else unchanged."""
+        # Strip a surrounding matching pair of quote characters.
+        while len(name) >= 2 and name[0] == self.quote and name[-1] == self.quote:
+            name = name[1:-1]
+        # Remove any embedded quote character (it cannot be escaped).
+        if self.quote in name:
+            name = name.replace(self.quote, "")
+
+        need_quotes = any(rc in name for rc in self.reserved)
+        if not need_quotes and any(ord(ch) > 127 for ch in name):
+            need_quotes = True
+        if not need_quotes and _LEADING_DIGIT.match(name):
+            need_quotes = True
+
+        if need_quotes:
+            return f"{self.quote}{name}{self.quote}"
+        return name
+
+    def write(self, name: str, out: IndentWriter) -> None:
+        out.write(self.format(name))
diff --git a/src/freeroute/ses/model.py b/src/freeroute/ses/model.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8e104b1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/freeroute/ses/model.py
@@ -0,0 +1,80 @@
+"""In-memory routing result — the input the SES writer serializes.
+
+The maze router (a later stage) populates a :class:`RoutingResult`; the SES
+writer turns it into the ``(routes (network_out ...))`` scope. Coordinates and
+widths are in DSN units (the same units the DSN was parsed in); the writer
+rounds them to integers, matching FreeRouting's ``SesWriter`` which emits
+integer session coordinates.
+"""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+from dataclasses import dataclass, field
+
+__all__ = ["RoutedWire", "RoutedVia", "RoutedNet", "RoutingResult"]
+
+
+@dataclass
+class RoutedWire:
+    """A routed trace segment on one layer.
+
+    ``coords`` is a flat ``[x1, y1, x2, y2, ...]`` list (DSN units); ``width`` is
+    the full trace width (DSN units). ``fixed`` maps to an emitted
+    ``(type fix)`` marker when set.
+    """
+
+    layer: str
+    width: float
+    coords: list[float]
+    fixed: bool = False
+
+
+@dataclass
+class RoutedVia:
+    """A routed via at ``(x, y)`` (DSN units) using a named padstack."""
+
+    padstack: str
+    x: float
+    y: float
+    fixed: bool = False
+
+
+@dataclass
+class RoutedNet:
+    """The routed wires and vias belonging to one net."""
+
+    name: str
+    wires: list[RoutedWire] = field(default_factory=list)
+    vias: list[RoutedVia] = field(default_factory=list)
+
+    @property
+    def has_items(self) -> bool:
+        return bool(self.wires or self.vias)
+
+
+@dataclass
+class RoutingResult:
+    """The complete routing output for a board, grouped by net."""
+
+    nets: list[RoutedNet] = field(default_factory=list)
+
+    def net(self, name: str, *, create: bool = False) -> RoutedNet | None:
+        """Return the :class:`RoutedNet` with ``name`` (creating it if asked)."""
+        for n in self.nets:
+            if n.name == name:
+                return n
+        if create:
+            n = RoutedNet(name=name)
+            self.nets.append(n)
+            return n
+        return None
+
+    def add_wire(self, net_name: str, wire: RoutedWire) -> None:
+        self.net(net_name, create=True).wires.append(wire)
+
+    def add_via(self, net_name: str, via: RoutedVia) -> None:
+        self.net(net_name, create=True).vias.append(via)
+
+    def routed_nets(self) -> list[RoutedNet]:
+        """Nets that actually carry routed geometry (in insertion order)."""
+        return [n for n in self.nets if n.has_items]