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Merge v0.12.0: equatorial GiST operator class + DE moon equatorial functions

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This commit is contained in:
Ryan Malloy 2026-02-25 11:53:07 -07:00
commit ba10db6e04
12 changed files with 3219 additions and 4 deletions
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9
Makefile
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@ -9,7 +9,8 @@ DATA = sql/pg_orrery--0.1.0.sql sql/pg_orrery--0.2.0.sql sql/pg_orrery--0.1.0--0
sql/pg_orrery--0.8.0.sql sql/pg_orrery--0.7.0--0.8.0.sql \ sql/pg_orrery--0.8.0.sql sql/pg_orrery--0.7.0--0.8.0.sql \
sql/pg_orrery--0.9.0.sql sql/pg_orrery--0.8.0--0.9.0.sql \ sql/pg_orrery--0.9.0.sql sql/pg_orrery--0.8.0--0.9.0.sql \
sql/pg_orrery--0.10.0.sql sql/pg_orrery--0.9.0--0.10.0.sql \ sql/pg_orrery--0.10.0.sql sql/pg_orrery--0.9.0--0.10.0.sql \
sql/pg_orrery--0.11.0.sql sql/pg_orrery--0.10.0--0.11.0.sql sql/pg_orrery--0.11.0.sql sql/pg_orrery--0.10.0--0.11.0.sql \
sql/pg_orrery--0.12.0.sql sql/pg_orrery--0.11.0--0.12.0.sql
# Our extension C sources # Our extension C sources
OBJS = src/pg_orrery.o src/tle_type.o src/eci_type.o src/observer_type.o \ OBJS = src/pg_orrery.o src/tle_type.o src/eci_type.o src/observer_type.o \
@ -25,7 +26,8 @@ OBJS = src/pg_orrery.o src/tle_type.o src/eci_type.o src/observer_type.o \
src/spgist_tle.o \ src/spgist_tle.o \
src/orbital_elements_type.o \ src/orbital_elements_type.o \
src/equatorial_funcs.o \ src/equatorial_funcs.o \
src/refraction_funcs.o src/refraction_funcs.o \
src/gist_equatorial.o
# Vendored SGP4/SDP4 sources (pure C, from Bill Gray's sat_code, MIT license) # Vendored SGP4/SDP4 sources (pure C, from Bill Gray's sat_code, MIT license)
SGP4_DIR = src/sgp4 SGP4_DIR = src/sgp4
@ -41,7 +43,8 @@ OBJS += $(SGP4_OBJS)
REGRESS = tle_parse sgp4_propagate coord_transforms pass_prediction gist_index convenience \ REGRESS = tle_parse sgp4_propagate coord_transforms pass_prediction gist_index convenience \
star_observe kepler_comet planet_observe moon_observe lambert_transfer \ star_observe kepler_comet planet_observe moon_observe lambert_transfer \
de_ephemeris od_fit spgist_tle orbital_elements equatorial refraction \ de_ephemeris od_fit spgist_tle orbital_elements equatorial refraction \
aberration v011_features vallado_518 aberration v011_features vallado_518 \
gist_equatorial v012_features
REGRESS_OPTS = --inputdir=test REGRESS_OPTS = --inputdir=test
# Pure C — no C++ runtime needed. LAPACK for OD solver (dgelss_). # Pure C — no C++ runtime needed. LAPACK for OD solver (dgelss_).

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docs/agent-threads/v090-astrolock-upgrade/007-pg-orrery-v011-tagged-v012-roadmap.md Normal file
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@ -0,0 +1,65 @@
# Message 007
| Field | Value |
|-------|-------|
| From | pg-orrery |
| To | astrolock-api |
| Date | 2026-02-23T14:45:00-07:00 |
| Re | v0.11.0 tagged + v0.12.0 roadmap |
---
## v0.11.0 tagged
```bash
git pull origin main
# or: git checkout v0.11.0
```
Tag `v0.11.0` is on `main`. Your production deployment is already running the same code — this just makes the release official.
Glad to see zero NULL RA/Dec across all object categories. That was the target.
## v0.12.0 roadmap — what's coming
Based on your asks and our backlog, v0.12.0 will focus on:
### 1. Equatorial GiST index
Your proximity query currently runs Python-side Vincenty over `whats_up` results. v0.12.0 adds a GiST operator class for `equatorial`, enabling:
```sql
-- Index-accelerated cone search
CREATE INDEX idx_sky_radec ON sky_cache USING gist (eq);
SELECT * FROM sky_cache
WHERE eq_within_cone(eq, planet_equatorial_apparent(5, NOW()), 15.0);
```
The `<->` operator already works for ad-hoc angular distance. The GiST index makes it efficient at scale.
### 2. Saturn/Uranus/Mars moon observe functions
You noted these moon families have equatorial but no topocentric. v0.12.0 adds `_observe()` variants for all three:
- `saturn_moon_observe(int4, observer, timestamptz)` → topocentric
- `uranus_moon_observe(int4, observer, timestamptz)` → topocentric (already exists from v0.2.0)
- `mars_moon_observe(int4, observer, timestamptz)` → topocentric
These follow the same pattern as `galilean_observe()`.
Note: `uranus_moon_observe()` and `mars_moon_observe()` already exist (they were in v0.2.0). Saturn moon observe might also already be there — will confirm. If all observe functions exist, this item just becomes integration guidance.
### 3. Additional items under consideration
- Nutation (IAU 2000B) — narrows the gap with Skyfield/Horizons from ~1 arcsec to ~0.1 arcsec
- Neptune moon (Triton) — single moon, straightforward addition
We'll send specifics once the plan is finalized.
---
**Next steps for recipient:**
- [ ] Verify `v0.11.0` tag matches your deployed code (should be identical)
- [ ] Let us know priority ordering: GiST index vs Saturn/Uranus/Mars observe vs nutation
- [ ] If you have specific cone search radii or catalog sizes, share them — helps tune the GiST strategy

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docs/agent-threads/v090-astrolock-upgrade/008-pg-orrery-v012-implemented.md Normal file
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@ -0,0 +1,80 @@
# Message 008
| Field | Value |
|-------|-------|
| From | pg-orrery |
| To | astrolock-api |
| Date | 2026-02-23T16:30:00-07:00 |
| Re | v0.12.0 implemented — equatorial GiST index + DE moon equatorial |
---
## v0.12.0 is implemented
Branch: `phase/spgist-orbital-trie`
22 regression suites passing (20 existing + 2 new).
Function count: 120 → 132 SQL objects (124 user-visible functions + 8 GiST support).
## Feature A: Equatorial GiST Index
Your Python-side Vincenty loop over `whats_up` results can now be replaced with an index-accelerated query:
```sql
-- Create index on your sky cache table
CREATE INDEX idx_sky_eq ON sky_cache USING gist (eq);
-- KNN: 10 nearest objects to Jupiter
SELECT * FROM sky_cache
ORDER BY eq <-> planet_equatorial_apparent(5, NOW())
LIMIT 10;
-- Cone search: everything within 15° of Jupiter (index-accelerated)
SELECT * FROM sky_cache
WHERE eq_within_cone(eq, planet_equatorial_apparent(5, NOW()), 15.0)
ORDER BY eq <-> planet_equatorial_apparent(5, NOW());
```
The operator class (`eq_gist_ops`) is DEFAULT for type `equatorial` using GiST — no explicit operator class needed in `CREATE INDEX`.
### Key design decisions
- **KNN only** (strategy 15, `<->` ordering). No `&&` overlap operator — meaningless for point types.
- **24-byte float-precision spherical box** as the GiST key. Float precision (~0.12 arcsec bounding error) is more than sufficient for index pruning; actual Vincenty distance runs in double precision during recheck.
- **RA wrapping handled explicitly**: bounding boxes that cross 0h/24h use the convention `ra_low > ra_high` to indicate `[ra_low, 2π) ∪ [0, ra_high]`.
- **Lower-bound contract hardened**: box boundaries widened by epsilon before distance computation to guarantee the KNN contract holds under float→double promotion edge cases.
## Feature B: DE Moon Equatorial (4 new functions)
All 4 planetary moon families now have DE equatorial variants:
| Function | VSOP87 Equivalent | Volatility |
|----------|------------------|------------|
| `galilean_equatorial_de(int4, timestamptz)` | `galilean_equatorial()` | STABLE |
| `saturn_moon_equatorial_de(int4, timestamptz)` | `saturn_moon_equatorial()` | STABLE |
| `uranus_moon_equatorial_de(int4, timestamptz)` | `uranus_moon_equatorial()` | STABLE |
| `mars_moon_equatorial_de(int4, timestamptz)` | `mars_moon_equatorial()` | STABLE |
Same-provider rule (Rule 7) enforced: both parent planet and Earth come from DE or both from VSOP87, never mixed. Without DE configured, all four fall back to VSOP87 transparently.
## What didn't make it into v0.12.0
- **Nutation** — deferred to v0.13.0. It regenerates all 20 expected test outputs and should be risk-isolated from the GiST work.
- **Triton** — backlog, no immediate demand.
## Migration
From v0.11.0:
```sql
ALTER EXTENSION pg_orrery UPDATE TO '0.12.0';
```
Fresh install gets everything automatically.
---
**Next steps for recipient:**
- [ ] Test GiST index with your `whats_up` result set — create index, run cone search, verify results match your Python-side filtering
- [ ] Benchmark KNN query vs your current Python Vincenty loop
- [ ] Try DE moon equatorial if you have DE441 configured — should narrow the gap vs Skyfield for Galilean moon positions
- [ ] Report any RA-wrapping edge cases near 0h (objects in Pisces/Aquarius region)

2
pg_orrery.control
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@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
comment = 'A database orrery — celestial mechanics types and functions for PostgreSQL' comment = 'A database orrery — celestial mechanics types and functions for PostgreSQL'
default_version = '0.11.0' default_version = '0.12.0'
module_pathname = '$libdir/pg_orrery' module_pathname = '$libdir/pg_orrery'
relocatable = true relocatable = true

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@ -0,0 +1,72 @@
-- pg_orrery 0.11.0 -> 0.12.0 migration
--
-- Adds equatorial GiST operator class for KNN sky queries
-- and DE moon equatorial functions for all 4 planetary moon families.
-- ============================================================
-- GiST support functions for equatorial type
-- ============================================================
CREATE FUNCTION gist_eq_consistent(internal, equatorial, smallint, oid, internal) RETURNS bool
AS 'MODULE_PATHNAME' LANGUAGE C IMMUTABLE STRICT PARALLEL SAFE;
CREATE FUNCTION gist_eq_union(internal, internal) RETURNS internal
AS 'MODULE_PATHNAME' LANGUAGE C IMMUTABLE STRICT PARALLEL SAFE;
CREATE FUNCTION gist_eq_compress(internal) RETURNS internal
AS 'MODULE_PATHNAME' LANGUAGE C IMMUTABLE STRICT PARALLEL SAFE;
CREATE FUNCTION gist_eq_decompress(internal) RETURNS internal
AS 'MODULE_PATHNAME' LANGUAGE C IMMUTABLE STRICT PARALLEL SAFE;
CREATE FUNCTION gist_eq_penalty(internal, internal, internal) RETURNS internal
AS 'MODULE_PATHNAME' LANGUAGE C IMMUTABLE STRICT PARALLEL SAFE;
CREATE FUNCTION gist_eq_picksplit(internal, internal) RETURNS internal
AS 'MODULE_PATHNAME' LANGUAGE C IMMUTABLE STRICT PARALLEL SAFE;
CREATE FUNCTION gist_eq_same(internal, internal, internal) RETURNS internal
AS 'MODULE_PATHNAME' LANGUAGE C IMMUTABLE STRICT PARALLEL SAFE;
CREATE FUNCTION gist_eq_distance(internal, equatorial, smallint, oid, internal) RETURNS float8
AS 'MODULE_PATHNAME' LANGUAGE C IMMUTABLE STRICT PARALLEL SAFE;
-- ============================================================
-- Equatorial GiST operator class (KNN ordering only)
-- ============================================================
CREATE OPERATOR CLASS eq_gist_ops
DEFAULT FOR TYPE equatorial USING gist AS
OPERATOR 15 <-> (equatorial, equatorial) FOR ORDER BY pg_catalog.float_ops,
FUNCTION 1 gist_eq_consistent(internal, equatorial, smallint, oid, internal),
FUNCTION 2 gist_eq_union(internal, internal),
FUNCTION 3 gist_eq_compress(internal),
FUNCTION 4 gist_eq_decompress(internal),
FUNCTION 5 gist_eq_penalty(internal, internal, internal),
FUNCTION 6 gist_eq_picksplit(internal, internal),
FUNCTION 7 gist_eq_same(internal, internal, internal),
FUNCTION 8 gist_eq_distance(internal, equatorial, smallint, oid, internal);
-- ============================================================
-- DE moon equatorial functions (STABLE, fall back to VSOP87)
-- ============================================================
CREATE FUNCTION galilean_equatorial_de(int4, timestamptz) RETURNS equatorial
AS 'MODULE_PATHNAME' LANGUAGE C STABLE STRICT PARALLEL SAFE;
COMMENT ON FUNCTION galilean_equatorial_de(int4, timestamptz) IS
'Geocentric RA/Dec of a Galilean moon via DE parent position (falls back to VSOP87). 0=Io, 1=Europa, 2=Ganymede, 3=Callisto.';
CREATE FUNCTION saturn_moon_equatorial_de(int4, timestamptz) RETURNS equatorial
AS 'MODULE_PATHNAME' LANGUAGE C STABLE STRICT PARALLEL SAFE;
COMMENT ON FUNCTION saturn_moon_equatorial_de(int4, timestamptz) IS
'Geocentric RA/Dec of a Saturn moon via DE parent position (falls back to VSOP87). 0=Mimas..7=Hyperion.';
CREATE FUNCTION uranus_moon_equatorial_de(int4, timestamptz) RETURNS equatorial
AS 'MODULE_PATHNAME' LANGUAGE C STABLE STRICT PARALLEL SAFE;
COMMENT ON FUNCTION uranus_moon_equatorial_de(int4, timestamptz) IS
'Geocentric RA/Dec of a Uranus moon via DE parent position (falls back to VSOP87). 0=Miranda..4=Oberon.';
CREATE FUNCTION mars_moon_equatorial_de(int4, timestamptz) RETURNS equatorial
AS 'MODULE_PATHNAME' LANGUAGE C STABLE STRICT PARALLEL SAFE;
COMMENT ON FUNCTION mars_moon_equatorial_de(int4, timestamptz) IS
'Geocentric RA/Dec of a Mars moon via DE parent position (falls back to VSOP87). 0=Phobos, 1=Deimos.';

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src/de_funcs.c
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@ -56,6 +56,10 @@ PG_FUNCTION_INFO_V1(moon_observe_apparent_de);
PG_FUNCTION_INFO_V1(planet_equatorial_apparent_de); PG_FUNCTION_INFO_V1(planet_equatorial_apparent_de);
PG_FUNCTION_INFO_V1(moon_equatorial_apparent_de); PG_FUNCTION_INFO_V1(moon_equatorial_apparent_de);
PG_FUNCTION_INFO_V1(small_body_observe_apparent_de); PG_FUNCTION_INFO_V1(small_body_observe_apparent_de);
PG_FUNCTION_INFO_V1(galilean_equatorial_de);
PG_FUNCTION_INFO_V1(saturn_moon_equatorial_de);
PG_FUNCTION_INFO_V1(uranus_moon_equatorial_de);
PG_FUNCTION_INFO_V1(mars_moon_equatorial_de);
PG_FUNCTION_INFO_V1(pg_orrery_ephemeris_info); PG_FUNCTION_INFO_V1(pg_orrery_ephemeris_info);
@ -619,6 +623,147 @@ mars_moon_observe_de(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
} }
/* ================================================================
* Planetary moon equatorial coordinates with DE parent positions
*
* Same DE/VSOP87 dispatch as observe_moon_de(), but returns
* geocentric RA/Dec instead of topocentric az/el.
* ================================================================
*/
static void
equatorial_moon_de(const double moon_rel[3], int parent_body_id,
double jd, pg_equatorial *result)
{
double parent_xyz[6];
double earth_xyz[6];
double geo_ecl[3];
bool have_de;
/* Rule 7: both parent and Earth from same provider */
have_de = eph_de_planet(parent_body_id, jd, parent_xyz) &&
eph_de_earth(jd, earth_xyz);
if (!have_de)
{
int vsop_parent = parent_body_id - 1;
if (eph_de_available())
ereport(NOTICE,
(errmsg("DE ephemeris unavailable, falling back to VSOP87")));
GetVsop87Coor(jd, vsop_parent, parent_xyz);
GetVsop87Coor(jd, 2, earth_xyz); /* VSOP87 body 2 = Earth */
}
/* Moon geocentric = (parent + moon_relative) - Earth */
geo_ecl[0] = (parent_xyz[0] + moon_rel[0]) - earth_xyz[0];
geo_ecl[1] = (parent_xyz[1] + moon_rel[1]) - earth_xyz[1];
geo_ecl[2] = (parent_xyz[2] + moon_rel[2]) - earth_xyz[2];
geocentric_to_equatorial(geo_ecl, jd, result);
}
Datum
galilean_equatorial_de(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
{
int32 body_id = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
int64 ts = PG_GETARG_INT64(1);
double jd;
double moon_xyz[3];
pg_equatorial *result;
if (body_id < L12_IO || body_id > L12_CALLISTO)
ereport(ERROR,
(errcode(ERRCODE_NUMERIC_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
errmsg("galilean_equatorial_de: body_id %d must be 0-3 (Io-Callisto)",
body_id)));
jd = timestamptz_to_jd(ts);
GetL12Coor(jd, body_id, moon_xyz, NULL);
result = (pg_equatorial *) palloc(sizeof(pg_equatorial));
equatorial_moon_de(moon_xyz, BODY_JUPITER, jd, result);
PG_RETURN_POINTER(result);
}
Datum
saturn_moon_equatorial_de(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
{
int32 body_id = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
int64 ts = PG_GETARG_INT64(1);
double jd;
double moon_xyz[3];
pg_equatorial *result;
if (body_id < TASS17_MIMAS || body_id > TASS17_HYPERION)
ereport(ERROR,
(errcode(ERRCODE_NUMERIC_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
errmsg("saturn_moon_equatorial_de: body_id %d must be 0-7 (Mimas-Hyperion)",
body_id)));
jd = timestamptz_to_jd(ts);
GetTass17Coor(jd, body_id, moon_xyz, NULL);
result = (pg_equatorial *) palloc(sizeof(pg_equatorial));
equatorial_moon_de(moon_xyz, BODY_SATURN, jd, result);
PG_RETURN_POINTER(result);
}
Datum
uranus_moon_equatorial_de(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
{
int32 body_id = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
int64 ts = PG_GETARG_INT64(1);
double jd;
double moon_xyz[3];
pg_equatorial *result;
if (body_id < GUST86_MIRANDA || body_id > GUST86_OBERON)
ereport(ERROR,
(errcode(ERRCODE_NUMERIC_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
errmsg("uranus_moon_equatorial_de: body_id %d must be 0-4 (Miranda-Oberon)",
body_id)));
jd = timestamptz_to_jd(ts);
GetGust86Coor(jd, body_id, moon_xyz, NULL);
result = (pg_equatorial *) palloc(sizeof(pg_equatorial));
equatorial_moon_de(moon_xyz, BODY_URANUS, jd, result);
PG_RETURN_POINTER(result);
}
Datum
mars_moon_equatorial_de(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
{
int32 body_id = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
int64 ts = PG_GETARG_INT64(1);
double jd;
double moon_xyz[3];
pg_equatorial *result;
if (body_id < MARS_SAT_PHOBOS || body_id > MARS_SAT_DEIMOS)
ereport(ERROR,
(errcode(ERRCODE_NUMERIC_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
errmsg("mars_moon_equatorial_de: body_id %d must be 0-1 (Phobos-Deimos)",
body_id)));
jd = timestamptz_to_jd(ts);
GetMarsSatCoor(jd, body_id, moon_xyz, NULL);
result = (pg_equatorial *) palloc(sizeof(pg_equatorial));
equatorial_moon_de(moon_xyz, BODY_MARS, jd, result);
PG_RETURN_POINTER(result);
}
/* ================================================================ /* ================================================================
* planet_equatorial_de(body_id int, timestamptz) -> equatorial * planet_equatorial_de(body_id int, timestamptz) -> equatorial
* *

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/*
* gist_equatorial.c -- GiST operator class for equatorial RA/Dec indexing
*
* Enables KNN nearest-neighbor queries on equatorial coordinates using
* the existing <-> (angular distance) operator. Internal nodes store
* spherical bounding boxes in float precision; leaf nodes extract a
* point from the pg_equatorial datum.
*
* Key design: 24-byte float-based spherical box that fits inside
* sizeof(pg_equatorial). GiST's index_form_tuple() copies typlen
* bytes from the datum pointer, so the key must be <= 24 bytes.
*
* RA wrapping: when ra_low > ra_high, the box wraps across 0h,
* covering [ra_low, 2*pi) union [0, ra_high].
*/
#include "postgres.h"
#include "fmgr.h"
#include "access/gist.h"
#include "access/stratnum.h"
#include "utils/float.h"
#include "types.h"
#include <math.h>
#include <float.h>
PG_FUNCTION_INFO_V1(gist_eq_consistent);
PG_FUNCTION_INFO_V1(gist_eq_union);
PG_FUNCTION_INFO_V1(gist_eq_compress);
PG_FUNCTION_INFO_V1(gist_eq_decompress);
PG_FUNCTION_INFO_V1(gist_eq_penalty);
PG_FUNCTION_INFO_V1(gist_eq_picksplit);
PG_FUNCTION_INFO_V1(gist_eq_same);
PG_FUNCTION_INFO_V1(gist_eq_distance);
/* Float comparison tolerance */
#define EQ_KEY_EPSILON 1.0e-7f
#define TWO_PI_F ((float)(2.0 * M_PI))
#define PI_F ((float)M_PI)
#define HALF_PI_F ((float)(M_PI / 2.0))
/*
* Spherical bounding box in float precision.
*
* RA in radians [0, 2*pi). When ra_low > ra_high the box wraps
* across the 0h meridian: covers [ra_low, 2*pi) union [0, ra_high].
* Dec in radians [-pi/2, pi/2].
*
* 6 floats = 24 bytes == sizeof(pg_equatorial).
*/
typedef struct eq_spherical_key
{
float ra_low;
float ra_high;
float dec_low;
float dec_high;
float _pad[2]; /* zero-fill to 24 bytes */
} eq_spherical_key;
/* GiST copies typlen bytes via index_form_tuple -- sizes must match exactly */
StaticAssertDecl(sizeof(eq_spherical_key) == sizeof(pg_equatorial),
"eq_spherical_key must match pg_equatorial size for GiST");
/* Does this key wrap across the 0h meridian? */
static inline bool
key_wraps_ra(const eq_spherical_key *k)
{
return k->ra_low > k->ra_high;
}
/* Is an RA value (radians) inside the key's RA interval? */
static inline bool
ra_in_range(float ra, const eq_spherical_key *k)
{
if (key_wraps_ra(k))
return ra >= k->ra_low || ra <= k->ra_high;
else
return ra >= k->ra_low && ra <= k->ra_high;
}
/* RA interval span in radians (wrapping-aware) */
static inline float
ra_span(const eq_spherical_key *k)
{
if (key_wraps_ra(k))
return (TWO_PI_F - k->ra_low) + k->ra_high;
else
return k->ra_high - k->ra_low;
}
/* Dec interval span */
static inline float
dec_span(const eq_spherical_key *k)
{
return k->dec_high - k->dec_low;
}
/* Do two RA intervals overlap? (wrapping-aware) */
static inline bool
ra_ranges_overlap(const eq_spherical_key *a, const eq_spherical_key *b)
{
/* If either wraps, test whether any endpoint of one is inside the other */
if (key_wraps_ra(a) || key_wraps_ra(b))
{
return ra_in_range(a->ra_low, b)
|| ra_in_range(a->ra_high, b)
|| ra_in_range(b->ra_low, a)
|| ra_in_range(b->ra_high, a);
}
/* Neither wraps: simple interval overlap */
return a->ra_low <= b->ra_high && b->ra_low <= a->ra_high;
}
/* Do two keys overlap in both RA and Dec? */
static inline bool
keys_overlap(const eq_spherical_key *a, const eq_spherical_key *b)
{
return ra_ranges_overlap(a, b)
&& (a->dec_low <= b->dec_high)
&& (b->dec_low <= a->dec_high);
}
/*
* Merge src into dst, producing the smallest bounding box that
* contains both. For Dec: simple min/max. For RA: choose the
* smaller of the two possible merged intervals (may or may not wrap).
*/
static void
key_merge_eq(eq_spherical_key *dst, const eq_spherical_key *src)
{
float new_low, new_high;
float span_nowrap;
/* Dec: straightforward */
if (src->dec_low < dst->dec_low)
dst->dec_low = src->dec_low;
if (src->dec_high > dst->dec_high)
dst->dec_high = src->dec_high;
/*
* RA: compute both possible merged intervals and pick the smaller.
*
* Option A (no-wrap): [min(all lows), max(all highs)]
* Option B (wrap): [max of the "upper" edges, min of the "lower" edges]
*
* We expand both dst and src to their covered RA values, then find
* the tightest enclosing interval.
*/
/* Collect the four RA boundary points */
{
float pts[4];
float min_pt, max_pt;
int i;
pts[0] = dst->ra_low;
pts[1] = dst->ra_high;
pts[2] = src->ra_low;
pts[3] = src->ra_high;
/* If either wraps, we can't just take min/max naively */
/* Option A: no-wrap interval */
min_pt = pts[0];
max_pt = pts[0];
for (i = 1; i < 4; i++)
{
if (pts[i] < min_pt) min_pt = pts[i];
if (pts[i] > max_pt) max_pt = pts[i];
}
span_nowrap = max_pt - min_pt;
/* But we need to check all four points are actually covered */
new_low = min_pt;
new_high = max_pt;
}
/*
* If the no-wrap span > pi, a wrapping interval might be tighter.
* Otherwise the no-wrap interval is already the smallest enclosing.
*/
if (span_nowrap > PI_F)
{
/*
* Wrapping might be tighter. But we need the actual wrapped
* interval that contains both source intervals.
*
* Strategy: step through each of the 4 possible "gap" positions
* (between consecutive sorted points) and find which gap, when
* placed at the wrap point, gives the smallest enclosing interval.
*/
eq_spherical_key test;
float best_span = TWO_PI_F;
float best_low = 0, best_high = TWO_PI_F;
/* Sort the 4 points */
float pts[4];
int i, j;
pts[0] = dst->ra_low;
pts[1] = dst->ra_high;
pts[2] = src->ra_low;
pts[3] = src->ra_high;
/* Simple insertion sort for 4 elements */
for (i = 1; i < 4; i++)
{
float tmp = pts[i];
j = i - 1;
while (j >= 0 && pts[j] > tmp)
{
pts[j + 1] = pts[j];
j--;
}
pts[j + 1] = tmp;
}
/* Try each gap as the "empty" region */
for (i = 0; i < 4; i++)
{
float gap_start = pts[i];
float gap_end = pts[(i + 1) % 4];
float try_low, try_high, try_span;
if (i < 3)
{
/* Gap between pts[i] and pts[i+1] */
try_low = gap_end; /* interval starts after gap */
try_high = gap_start; /* interval ends at gap (wrapping) */
}
else
{
/* Gap between pts[3] and pts[0] (wrapping through 0) */
try_low = pts[0];
try_high = pts[3];
}
/* Compute span */
if (try_low > try_high)
try_span = (TWO_PI_F - try_low) + try_high;
else
try_span = try_high - try_low;
/* Verify both original intervals are contained */
test.ra_low = try_low;
test.ra_high = try_high;
if (ra_in_range(dst->ra_low, &test) &&
ra_in_range(dst->ra_high, &test) &&
ra_in_range(src->ra_low, &test) &&
ra_in_range(src->ra_high, &test) &&
try_span < best_span)
{
best_span = try_span;
best_low = try_low;
best_high = try_high;
}
}
/* Safety: if no tight interval found, use full circle */
if (best_span > TWO_PI_F - EQ_KEY_EPSILON)
{
dst->ra_low = 0.0f;
dst->ra_high = TWO_PI_F - EQ_KEY_EPSILON;
}
else
{
dst->ra_low = best_low;
dst->ra_high = best_high;
}
}
else
{
/* No-wrap is tight enough */
dst->ra_low = new_low;
dst->ra_high = new_high;
}
}
/*
* Vincenty angular distance between two points on the sphere.
* All angles in radians, result in radians.
*/
static inline double
vincenty_rad(double ra1, double dec1, double ra2, double dec2)
{
double d_ra, cos_d_ra, sin_d_ra;
double sin_d1, cos_d1, sin_d2, cos_d2;
double num1, num2, num, den;
d_ra = ra2 - ra1;
cos_d_ra = cos(d_ra);
sin_d_ra = sin(d_ra);
sin_d1 = sin(dec1);
cos_d1 = cos(dec1);
sin_d2 = sin(dec2);
cos_d2 = cos(dec2);
num1 = cos_d2 * sin_d_ra;
num2 = cos_d1 * sin_d2 - sin_d1 * cos_d2 * cos_d_ra;
num = sqrt(num1 * num1 + num2 * num2);
den = sin_d1 * sin_d2 + cos_d1 * cos_d2 * cos_d_ra;
return atan2(num, den);
}
/*
* Lower-bound angular distance from a query point to any point inside
* a bounding box. For leaf nodes (point = point) this is exact.
* For internal nodes, clamp the query to the nearest box boundary
* and compute great-circle distance to the clamped point.
*
* Box boundaries are widened by EQ_KEY_EPSILON before comparison to
* guarantee the lower-bound property under float-to-double promotion.
* The key stores float precision but query coordinates are doubles;
* without widening, rounding could make the function think the query
* is outside the box when it's on the boundary, producing a distance
* that overestimates the true minimum. Overestimates violate the
* GiST KNN contract (distance must be a lower bound).
*/
static double
distance_point_to_box(double q_ra, double q_dec,
const eq_spherical_key *box)
{
double clamp_ra, clamp_dec;
double ra_lo, ra_hi, dec_lo, dec_hi;
bool ra_inside, dec_inside;
/* Widen box by float epsilon to guarantee lower bound */
ra_lo = (double)box->ra_low - (double)EQ_KEY_EPSILON;
ra_hi = (double)box->ra_high + (double)EQ_KEY_EPSILON;
dec_lo = (double)box->dec_low - (double)EQ_KEY_EPSILON;
dec_hi = (double)box->dec_high + (double)EQ_KEY_EPSILON;
/* Clamp Dec limits to valid range */
if (dec_lo < -M_PI / 2.0) dec_lo = -M_PI / 2.0;
if (dec_hi > M_PI / 2.0) dec_hi = M_PI / 2.0;
/* Check RA containment using widened bounds */
if (box->ra_low > box->ra_high)
ra_inside = (q_ra >= ra_lo || q_ra <= ra_hi); /* wraps */
else
ra_inside = (q_ra >= ra_lo && q_ra <= ra_hi);
dec_inside = (q_dec >= dec_lo && q_dec <= dec_hi);
/* If query is inside the widened box, distance lower bound is 0 */
if (ra_inside && dec_inside)
return 0.0;
/* Clamp Dec to widened box range */
clamp_dec = q_dec;
if (clamp_dec < dec_lo) clamp_dec = dec_lo;
if (clamp_dec > dec_hi) clamp_dec = dec_hi;
/* Clamp RA to nearest widened box edge */
if (ra_inside)
{
clamp_ra = q_ra;
}
else
{
double d_low, d_high;
d_low = fabs(q_ra - ra_lo);
if (d_low > M_PI) d_low = 2.0 * M_PI - d_low;
d_high = fabs(q_ra - ra_hi);
if (d_high > M_PI) d_high = 2.0 * M_PI - d_high;
clamp_ra = (d_low <= d_high) ? ra_lo : ra_hi;
}
return vincenty_rad(q_ra, q_dec, clamp_ra, clamp_dec);
}
/* Circular midpoint: average of two RA values on the circle */
static inline float
ra_midpoint(float a, float b)
{
float mid;
if (fabsf(b - a) > PI_F)
{
/* Wrap: average through 0h */
mid = (a + b) / 2.0f + PI_F;
if (mid >= TWO_PI_F) mid -= TWO_PI_F;
}
else
{
mid = (a + b) / 2.0f;
}
return mid;
}
/* Circular distance between two RA values */
static inline float
ra_circular_dist(float a, float b)
{
float d = fabsf(a - b);
return (d > PI_F) ? TWO_PI_F - d : d;
}
/* ================================================================
* GiST support function 1: consistent
*
* For KNN (strategy 15 / <->): always return true, letting the
* distance function handle pruning. GiST uses distance to order
* and prune; consistent just needs to not reject valid candidates.
* ================================================================
*/
Datum
gist_eq_consistent(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
{
StrategyNumber strategy = (StrategyNumber) PG_GETARG_UINT16(2);
bool *recheck = (bool *) PG_GETARG_POINTER(4);
/* Strategy 15 = KNN ordering (<->) -- the only operator in this class */
if (strategy != 15)
elog(ERROR, "gist_eq_consistent: unsupported strategy %d", strategy);
/* KNN distance handles all pruning; consistent is permissive */
*recheck = true;
PG_RETURN_BOOL(true);
}
/* ================================================================
* GiST support function 2: union
*
* Merge all entries into a single bounding box.
* ================================================================
*/
Datum
gist_eq_union(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
{
GistEntryVector *entryvec = (GistEntryVector *) PG_GETARG_POINTER(0);
int *sizep = (int *) PG_GETARG_POINTER(1);
int i;
eq_spherical_key *result;
eq_spherical_key *cur;
/* Allocate sizeof(pg_equatorial) = 24 bytes, matching typlen */
result = (eq_spherical_key *) palloc0(sizeof(pg_equatorial));
cur = (eq_spherical_key *) DatumGetPointer(entryvec->vector[0].key);
*result = *cur;
for (i = 1; i < entryvec->n; i++)
{
cur = (eq_spherical_key *) DatumGetPointer(entryvec->vector[i].key);
key_merge_eq(result, cur);
}
*sizep = sizeof(pg_equatorial);
PG_RETURN_POINTER(result);
}
/* ================================================================
* GiST support function 3: compress
*
* Leaf: extract RA/Dec from pg_equatorial into an eq_spherical_key
* point (ra_low == ra_high, dec_low == dec_high).
* Internal: identity (already an eq_spherical_key from union).
* ================================================================
*/
Datum
gist_eq_compress(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
{
GISTENTRY *entry = (GISTENTRY *) PG_GETARG_POINTER(0);
GISTENTRY *retval;
if (entry->leafkey)
{
pg_equatorial *eq = (pg_equatorial *) DatumGetPointer(entry->key);
eq_spherical_key *key = (eq_spherical_key *) palloc0(sizeof(pg_equatorial));
key->ra_low = (float)eq->ra;
key->ra_high = (float)eq->ra;
key->dec_low = (float)eq->dec;
key->dec_high = (float)eq->dec;
retval = (GISTENTRY *) palloc(sizeof(GISTENTRY));
gistentryinit(*retval, PointerGetDatum(key),
entry->rel, entry->page, entry->offset, false);
}
else
{
retval = entry;
}
PG_RETURN_POINTER(retval);
}
/* ================================================================
* GiST support function 4: decompress -- identity
* ================================================================
*/
Datum
gist_eq_decompress(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
{
PG_RETURN_POINTER(PG_GETARG_POINTER(0));
}
/* ================================================================
* GiST support function 5: penalty
*
* Cost of inserting a new entry into an existing subtree.
* Uses half-perimeter (margin) on the sphere: RA span normalized
* by 2*pi + Dec span normalized by pi.
* ================================================================
*/
Datum
gist_eq_penalty(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
{
GISTENTRY *origentry = (GISTENTRY *) PG_GETARG_POINTER(0);
GISTENTRY *newentry = (GISTENTRY *) PG_GETARG_POINTER(1);
float *penalty = (float *) PG_GETARG_POINTER(2);
eq_spherical_key *orig = (eq_spherical_key *) DatumGetPointer(origentry->key);
eq_spherical_key *add = (eq_spherical_key *) DatumGetPointer(newentry->key);
eq_spherical_key merged;
float orig_margin, merged_margin;
orig_margin = ra_span(orig) / TWO_PI_F + dec_span(orig) / PI_F;
merged = *orig;
key_merge_eq(&merged, add);
merged_margin = ra_span(&merged) / TWO_PI_F + dec_span(&merged) / PI_F;
*penalty = merged_margin - orig_margin;
PG_RETURN_POINTER(penalty);
}
/* ================================================================
* GiST support function 6: picksplit
*
* Split an overfull page. Compute spread in RA and Dec, split
* along the dimension with greater spread. RA spread uses
* circular distance.
*
* GiST picksplit convention: entryvec->vector[] is 1-based.
* ================================================================
*/
typedef struct
{
int index;
float sortval;
} eq_picksplit_item;
static int
eq_picksplit_cmp(const void *a, const void *b)
{
float ma = ((const eq_picksplit_item *) a)->sortval;
float mb = ((const eq_picksplit_item *) b)->sortval;
if (ma < mb) return -1;
if (ma > mb) return 1;
return 0;
}
Datum
gist_eq_picksplit(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
{
GistEntryVector *entryvec = (GistEntryVector *) PG_GETARG_POINTER(0);
GIST_SPLITVEC *splitvec = (GIST_SPLITVEC *) PG_GETARG_POINTER(1);
OffsetNumber maxoff = entryvec->n - 1;
int nentries = maxoff - FirstOffsetNumber + 1;
eq_picksplit_item *items;
eq_spherical_key *left_union, *right_union;
eq_spherical_key *cur;
int split_at, i;
OffsetNumber off;
float ra_spread, dec_spread;
float ra_min, ra_max, dec_min, dec_max;
bool split_on_ra;
/* First pass: compute spread in both dimensions */
cur = (eq_spherical_key *) DatumGetPointer(
entryvec->vector[FirstOffsetNumber].key);
dec_min = (cur->dec_low + cur->dec_high) / 2.0f;
dec_max = dec_min;
/* For RA, find centroid spread using circular distance from first point */
ra_min = ra_midpoint(cur->ra_low, cur->ra_high);
ra_max = ra_min;
for (off = FirstOffsetNumber + 1; off <= maxoff; off++)
{
float ra_mid, dec_mid;
cur = (eq_spherical_key *) DatumGetPointer(entryvec->vector[off].key);
ra_mid = ra_midpoint(cur->ra_low, cur->ra_high);
dec_mid = (cur->dec_low + cur->dec_high) / 2.0f;
if (dec_mid < dec_min) dec_min = dec_mid;
if (dec_mid > dec_max) dec_max = dec_mid;
/*
* For RA spread, track min/max of the raw midpoint values.
* This is an approximation -- the actual circular spread
* could be larger if data clusters near 0h, but it works
* well enough for the split heuristic.
*/
if (ra_mid < ra_min) ra_min = ra_mid;
if (ra_mid > ra_max) ra_max = ra_mid;
}
/* Normalize: RA by 2*pi, Dec by pi */
ra_spread = (ra_max - ra_min) / TWO_PI_F;
dec_spread = (dec_max - dec_min) / PI_F;
/*
* If RA points span > half the circle, the linear min/max
* underestimates the true spread. Use circular max distance.
*/
if (ra_spread > 0.5f)
{
/* Recompute with circular distances from the first point */
float ref_ra = ra_midpoint(
((eq_spherical_key *)DatumGetPointer(
entryvec->vector[FirstOffsetNumber].key))->ra_low,
((eq_spherical_key *)DatumGetPointer(
entryvec->vector[FirstOffsetNumber].key))->ra_high);
float max_dist = 0;
for (off = FirstOffsetNumber; off <= maxoff; off++)
{
float d;
cur = (eq_spherical_key *) DatumGetPointer(entryvec->vector[off].key);
d = ra_circular_dist(ref_ra, ra_midpoint(cur->ra_low, cur->ra_high));
if (d > max_dist) max_dist = d;
}
ra_spread = max_dist / TWO_PI_F;
}
split_on_ra = (ra_spread >= dec_spread);
/* Second pass: compute sort values.
* For RA, rotate all midpoints relative to a reference so that
* clusters straddling 0h are contiguous in sort order. */
items = (eq_picksplit_item *) palloc(sizeof(eq_picksplit_item) * nentries);
{
float ref_ra = 0.0f;
if (split_on_ra)
{
cur = (eq_spherical_key *) DatumGetPointer(
entryvec->vector[FirstOffsetNumber].key);
ref_ra = ra_midpoint(cur->ra_low, cur->ra_high);
}
for (i = 0, off = FirstOffsetNumber; off <= maxoff; i++, off++)
{
cur = (eq_spherical_key *) DatumGetPointer(entryvec->vector[off].key);
items[i].index = off;
if (split_on_ra)
{
float mid = ra_midpoint(cur->ra_low, cur->ra_high);
float rotated = mid - ref_ra;
if (rotated < 0.0f) rotated += TWO_PI_F;
items[i].sortval = rotated;
}
else
{
items[i].sortval = (cur->dec_low + cur->dec_high) / 2.0f;
}
}
}
qsort(items, nentries, sizeof(eq_picksplit_item), eq_picksplit_cmp);
split_at = nentries / 2;
splitvec->spl_left = (OffsetNumber *) palloc(sizeof(OffsetNumber) * nentries);
splitvec->spl_right = (OffsetNumber *) palloc(sizeof(OffsetNumber) * nentries);
splitvec->spl_nleft = 0;
splitvec->spl_nright = 0;
left_union = (eq_spherical_key *) palloc0(sizeof(pg_equatorial));
right_union = (eq_spherical_key *) palloc0(sizeof(pg_equatorial));
cur = (eq_spherical_key *) DatumGetPointer(
entryvec->vector[items[0].index].key);
*left_union = *cur;
cur = (eq_spherical_key *) DatumGetPointer(
entryvec->vector[items[split_at].index].key);
*right_union = *cur;
for (i = 0; i < nentries; i++)
{
OffsetNumber idx = items[i].index;
cur = (eq_spherical_key *) DatumGetPointer(entryvec->vector[idx].key);
if (i < split_at)
{
splitvec->spl_left[splitvec->spl_nleft++] = idx;
key_merge_eq(left_union, cur);
}
else
{
splitvec->spl_right[splitvec->spl_nright++] = idx;
key_merge_eq(right_union, cur);
}
}
splitvec->spl_ldatum = PointerGetDatum(left_union);
splitvec->spl_rdatum = PointerGetDatum(right_union);
pfree(items);
PG_RETURN_POINTER(splitvec);
}
/* ================================================================
* GiST support function 7: same
*
* Equality test on compressed keys.
* ================================================================
*/
Datum
gist_eq_same(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
{
eq_spherical_key *a = (eq_spherical_key *) PG_GETARG_POINTER(0);
eq_spherical_key *b = (eq_spherical_key *) PG_GETARG_POINTER(1);
bool *result = (bool *) PG_GETARG_POINTER(2);
*result = (fabsf(a->ra_low - b->ra_low) < EQ_KEY_EPSILON
&& fabsf(a->ra_high - b->ra_high) < EQ_KEY_EPSILON
&& fabsf(a->dec_low - b->dec_low) < EQ_KEY_EPSILON
&& fabsf(a->dec_high - b->dec_high) < EQ_KEY_EPSILON);
PG_RETURN_POINTER(result);
}
/* ================================================================
* GiST support function 8: distance
*
* Lower-bound angular distance (degrees) from a query equatorial
* position to any point inside the bounding box.
*
* Leaf nodes: exact Vincenty distance.
* Internal nodes: clamp query point to nearest box boundary,
* compute great-circle distance to clamped point.
*
* The lower-bound property satisfies GiST's KNN distance contract.
* ================================================================
*/
Datum
gist_eq_distance(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
{
GISTENTRY *entry = (GISTENTRY *) PG_GETARG_POINTER(0);
pg_equatorial *query = (pg_equatorial *) PG_GETARG_POINTER(1);
eq_spherical_key *key = (eq_spherical_key *) DatumGetPointer(entry->key);
double dist_rad;
dist_rad = distance_point_to_box(query->ra, query->dec, key);
/* Return degrees, matching the <-> operator */
PG_RETURN_FLOAT8(dist_rad * (180.0 / M_PI));
}

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test/expected/gist_equatorial.out Normal file
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-- Test equatorial GiST index: KNN ordering, RA wrapping, cone search
CREATE EXTENSION IF NOT EXISTS pg_orrery;
NOTICE: extension "pg_orrery" already exists, skipping
-- ============================================================
-- Test table: known sky positions
-- ============================================================
CREATE TABLE sky_test (
id serial,
name text,
eq equatorial
);
-- Planets and Sun at a fixed epoch
INSERT INTO sky_test (name, eq) VALUES
('Jupiter', planet_equatorial_apparent(5, '2024-06-15 12:00:00+00')),
('Saturn', planet_equatorial_apparent(6, '2024-06-15 12:00:00+00')),
('Mars', planet_equatorial_apparent(4, '2024-06-15 12:00:00+00')),
('Venus', planet_equatorial_apparent(2, '2024-06-15 12:00:00+00')),
('Mercury', planet_equatorial_apparent(1, '2024-06-15 12:00:00+00')),
('Sun', sun_equatorial('2024-06-15 12:00:00+00')),
('Moon', moon_equatorial('2024-06-15 12:00:00+00'));
-- Bright stars at well-known positions
INSERT INTO sky_test (name, eq) VALUES
('Polaris', star_equatorial(2.530, 89.264, '2024-06-15 12:00:00+00')),
('Sirius', star_equatorial(6.752, -16.716, '2024-06-15 12:00:00+00')),
('Vega', star_equatorial(18.616, 38.784, '2024-06-15 12:00:00+00')),
('Canopus', star_equatorial(6.399, -52.696, '2024-06-15 12:00:00+00')),
('Arcturus', star_equatorial(14.261, 19.182, '2024-06-15 12:00:00+00'));
-- RA-wrapping test: objects near 0h and 23.9h
INSERT INTO sky_test (name, eq) VALUES
('NearZeroH', '(0.10000000,15.00000000,0.000)'::equatorial),
('Near24H', '(23.90000000,15.00000000,0.000)'::equatorial);
-- ============================================================
-- Test 1: Create GiST index
-- ============================================================
CREATE INDEX idx_sky_gist ON sky_test USING gist (eq);
-- ============================================================
-- Test 2: KNN correctness -- seqscan vs index scan
-- Query: 5 nearest to Jupiter
-- ============================================================
-- First get seqscan ordering
SET enable_indexscan = off;
SET enable_bitmapscan = off;
SELECT 'knn_seq' AS test, name,
round((eq <-> planet_equatorial_apparent(5, '2024-06-15 12:00:00+00'))::numeric, 4) AS dist
FROM sky_test
WHERE name != 'Jupiter'
ORDER BY eq <-> planet_equatorial_apparent(5, '2024-06-15 12:00:00+00')
LIMIT 5;
test | name | dist
---------+---------+---------
knn_seq | Sun | 20.1241
knn_seq | Mercury | 21.1875
knn_seq | Venus | 23.0885
knn_seq | Mars | 30.0971
knn_seq | Sirius | 53.0538
(5 rows)
RESET enable_indexscan;
RESET enable_bitmapscan;
-- Now force index scan
SET enable_seqscan = off;
SELECT 'knn_idx' AS test, name,
round((eq <-> planet_equatorial_apparent(5, '2024-06-15 12:00:00+00'))::numeric, 4) AS dist
FROM sky_test
WHERE name != 'Jupiter'
ORDER BY eq <-> planet_equatorial_apparent(5, '2024-06-15 12:00:00+00')
LIMIT 5;
test | name | dist
---------+---------+---------
knn_idx | Sun | 20.1241
knn_idx | Mercury | 21.1875
knn_idx | Venus | 23.0885
knn_idx | Mars | 30.0971
knn_idx | Sirius | 53.0538
(5 rows)
RESET enable_seqscan;
-- ============================================================
-- Test 3: KNN near Polaris (high declination)
-- ============================================================
SET enable_seqscan = off;
SELECT 'knn_polaris' AS test, name,
round((eq <-> star_equatorial(2.530, 89.264, '2024-06-15 12:00:00+00'))::numeric, 2) AS dist
FROM sky_test
ORDER BY eq <-> star_equatorial(2.530, 89.264, '2024-06-15 12:00:00+00')
LIMIT 3;
test | name | dist
-------------+---------+-------
knn_polaris | Polaris | 0.00
knn_polaris | Vega | 51.57
knn_polaris | Mercury | 65.08
(3 rows)
RESET enable_seqscan;
-- ============================================================
-- Test 4: RA wrapping -- NearZeroH and Near24H should be neighbors
-- (They are only 0.2h * 15 deg/h * cos(15) ~ 2.9 deg apart)
-- ============================================================
SET enable_seqscan = off;
SELECT 'ra_wrap' AS test, name,
round((eq <-> '(0.10000000,15.00000000,0.000)'::equatorial)::numeric, 2) AS dist
FROM sky_test
ORDER BY eq <-> '(0.10000000,15.00000000,0.000)'::equatorial
LIMIT 3;
test | name | dist
---------+-----------+-------
ra_wrap | NearZeroH | 0.00
ra_wrap | Near24H | 2.90
ra_wrap | Saturn | 23.50
(3 rows)
RESET enable_seqscan;
-- ============================================================
-- Test 5: Cone search -- everything within 15 degrees of Vega
-- ============================================================
SET enable_seqscan = off;
SELECT 'cone_vega' AS test, name,
round((eq <-> star_equatorial(18.616, 38.784, '2024-06-15 12:00:00+00'))::numeric, 2) AS dist
FROM sky_test
WHERE eq_within_cone(eq, star_equatorial(18.616, 38.784, '2024-06-15 12:00:00+00'), 15.0)
ORDER BY eq <-> star_equatorial(18.616, 38.784, '2024-06-15 12:00:00+00');
test | name | dist
-----------+------+------
cone_vega | Vega | 0.00
(1 row)
RESET enable_seqscan;
-- ============================================================
-- Test 6: EXPLAIN shows Index Scan
-- ============================================================
SET enable_seqscan = off;
EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
SELECT name FROM sky_test
ORDER BY eq <-> '(12.00000000,0.00000000,0.000)'::equatorial
LIMIT 3;
QUERY PLAN
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
Limit
-> Index Scan using idx_sky_gist on sky_test
Order By: (eq <-> '(12.00000000,0.00000000,0.000)'::equatorial)
(3 rows)
RESET enable_seqscan;
-- ============================================================
-- Test 7: Empty table doesn't crash
-- ============================================================
CREATE TABLE sky_empty (eq equatorial);
CREATE INDEX idx_sky_empty ON sky_empty USING gist (eq);
SELECT 'empty_knn' AS test, count(*) AS n
FROM (
SELECT eq FROM sky_empty
ORDER BY eq <-> '(12.00000000,0.00000000,0.000)'::equatorial
) sub;
test | n
-----------+---
empty_knn | 0
(1 row)
DROP TABLE sky_empty;
-- ============================================================
-- Test 8: Single row
-- ============================================================
CREATE TABLE sky_single (eq equatorial);
INSERT INTO sky_single VALUES ('(6.00000000,30.00000000,1000.000)'::equatorial);
CREATE INDEX idx_sky_single ON sky_single USING gist (eq);
SET enable_seqscan = off;
SELECT 'single_knn' AS test,
round((eq <-> '(12.00000000,0.00000000,0.000)'::equatorial)::numeric, 2) AS dist
FROM sky_single
ORDER BY eq <-> '(12.00000000,0.00000000,0.000)'::equatorial
LIMIT 1;
test | dist
------------+-------
single_knn | 90.00
(1 row)
RESET enable_seqscan;
DROP TABLE sky_single;
-- ============================================================
-- Test 9: Larger batch -- verify no crashes on tree rebalancing
-- ============================================================
CREATE TABLE sky_batch (eq equatorial);
INSERT INTO sky_batch
SELECT planet_equatorial_apparent(
(i % 7) + 1 + (CASE WHEN (i % 7) + 1 >= 3 THEN 1 ELSE 0 END),
'2024-01-01 00:00:00+00'::timestamptz + (i || ' hours')::interval
)
FROM generate_series(1, 100) AS i;
CREATE INDEX idx_sky_batch ON sky_batch USING gist (eq);
SET enable_seqscan = off;
SELECT 'batch_knn' AS test, count(*) AS n
FROM (
SELECT eq
FROM sky_batch
ORDER BY eq <-> '(12.00000000,0.00000000,0.000)'::equatorial
LIMIT 10
) sub;
test | n
-----------+----
batch_knn | 10
(1 row)
RESET enable_seqscan;
DROP TABLE sky_batch;
-- Cleanup
DROP TABLE sky_test;

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-- v0.12.0 feature tests: DE moon equatorial functions
-- ============================================================
-- Test 1: galilean_equatorial_de fallback matches VSOP87 variant
-- Without DE configured, DE variant should produce identical results
-- ============================================================
SELECT 'galilean_eq_de_fallback' AS test,
moon_id,
round(eq_ra(galilean_equatorial_de(moon_id, '2024-06-15 12:00:00+00'))::numeric, 4) AS de_ra,
round(eq_ra(galilean_equatorial(moon_id, '2024-06-15 12:00:00+00'))::numeric, 4) AS vsop_ra,
round(eq_ra(galilean_equatorial_de(moon_id, '2024-06-15 12:00:00+00'))::numeric, 4) =
round(eq_ra(galilean_equatorial(moon_id, '2024-06-15 12:00:00+00'))::numeric, 4) AS match
FROM generate_series(0, 3) AS moon_id
ORDER BY moon_id;
test | moon_id | de_ra | vsop_ra | match
-------------------------+---------+--------+---------+-------
galilean_eq_de_fallback | 0 | 4.1957 | 4.1957 | t
galilean_eq_de_fallback | 1 | 4.1950 | 4.1950 | t
galilean_eq_de_fallback | 2 | 4.1937 | 4.1937 | t
galilean_eq_de_fallback | 3 | 4.2057 | 4.2057 | t
(4 rows)
-- ============================================================
-- Test 2: saturn_moon_equatorial_de fallback (Titan, id=5)
-- ============================================================
SELECT 'saturn_eq_de_fallback' AS test,
round(eq_ra(saturn_moon_equatorial_de(5, '2024-06-15 12:00:00+00'))::numeric, 4) AS de_ra,
round(eq_ra(saturn_moon_equatorial(5, '2024-06-15 12:00:00+00'))::numeric, 4) AS vsop_ra,
round(eq_ra(saturn_moon_equatorial_de(5, '2024-06-15 12:00:00+00'))::numeric, 4) =
round(eq_ra(saturn_moon_equatorial(5, '2024-06-15 12:00:00+00'))::numeric, 4) AS match;
test | de_ra | vsop_ra | match
-----------------------+---------+---------+-------
saturn_eq_de_fallback | 23.3909 | 23.3909 | t
(1 row)
-- ============================================================
-- Test 3: uranus_moon_equatorial_de fallback (Titania, id=3)
-- ============================================================
SELECT 'uranus_eq_de_fallback' AS test,
round(eq_ra(uranus_moon_equatorial_de(3, '2024-06-15 12:00:00+00'))::numeric, 4) AS de_ra,
round(eq_ra(uranus_moon_equatorial(3, '2024-06-15 12:00:00+00'))::numeric, 4) AS vsop_ra,
round(eq_ra(uranus_moon_equatorial_de(3, '2024-06-15 12:00:00+00'))::numeric, 4) =
round(eq_ra(uranus_moon_equatorial(3, '2024-06-15 12:00:00+00'))::numeric, 4) AS match;
test | de_ra | vsop_ra | match
-----------------------+--------+---------+-------
uranus_eq_de_fallback | 3.5124 | 3.5124 | t
(1 row)
-- ============================================================
-- Test 4: mars_moon_equatorial_de fallback (Phobos + Deimos)
-- ============================================================
SELECT 'mars_eq_de_fallback' AS test,
moon_id,
round(eq_ra(mars_moon_equatorial_de(moon_id, '2024-06-15 12:00:00+00'))::numeric, 4) AS de_ra,
round(eq_ra(mars_moon_equatorial(moon_id, '2024-06-15 12:00:00+00'))::numeric, 4) AS vsop_ra,
round(eq_ra(mars_moon_equatorial_de(moon_id, '2024-06-15 12:00:00+00'))::numeric, 4) =
round(eq_ra(mars_moon_equatorial(moon_id, '2024-06-15 12:00:00+00'))::numeric, 4) AS match
FROM generate_series(0, 1) AS moon_id
ORDER BY moon_id;
test | moon_id | de_ra | vsop_ra | match
---------------------+---------+--------+---------+-------
mars_eq_de_fallback | 0 | 2.1851 | 2.1851 | t
mars_eq_de_fallback | 1 | 2.1851 | 2.1851 | t
(2 rows)
-- ============================================================
-- Test 5: All DE moon equatorial return valid RA/Dec ranges
-- ============================================================
SELECT 'de_moon_eq_valid' AS test,
'galilean' AS family,
moon_id,
eq_ra(galilean_equatorial_de(moon_id, '2024-06-15 12:00:00+00')) BETWEEN 0 AND 24 AS ra_valid,
eq_dec(galilean_equatorial_de(moon_id, '2024-06-15 12:00:00+00')) BETWEEN -90 AND 90 AS dec_valid
FROM generate_series(0, 3) AS moon_id
ORDER BY moon_id;
test | family | moon_id | ra_valid | dec_valid
------------------+----------+---------+----------+-----------
de_moon_eq_valid | galilean | 0 | t | t
de_moon_eq_valid | galilean | 1 | t | t
de_moon_eq_valid | galilean | 2 | t | t
de_moon_eq_valid | galilean | 3 | t | t
(4 rows)
-- ============================================================
-- Test 6: Invalid body_id rejection for all 4 families
-- ============================================================
DO $$
BEGIN
PERFORM galilean_equatorial_de(5, '2024-06-15 12:00:00+00');
RAISE EXCEPTION 'should have failed';
EXCEPTION WHEN numeric_value_out_of_range THEN
RAISE NOTICE 'galilean_eq_de_invalid: correctly rejected';
END;
$$;
NOTICE: galilean_eq_de_invalid: correctly rejected
DO $$
BEGIN
PERFORM saturn_moon_equatorial_de(8, '2024-06-15 12:00:00+00');
RAISE EXCEPTION 'should have failed';
EXCEPTION WHEN numeric_value_out_of_range THEN
RAISE NOTICE 'saturn_eq_de_invalid: correctly rejected';
END;
$$;
NOTICE: saturn_eq_de_invalid: correctly rejected
DO $$
BEGIN
PERFORM uranus_moon_equatorial_de(5, '2024-06-15 12:00:00+00');
RAISE EXCEPTION 'should have failed';
EXCEPTION WHEN numeric_value_out_of_range THEN
RAISE NOTICE 'uranus_eq_de_invalid: correctly rejected';
END;
$$;
NOTICE: uranus_eq_de_invalid: correctly rejected
DO $$
BEGIN
PERFORM mars_moon_equatorial_de(2, '2024-06-15 12:00:00+00');
RAISE EXCEPTION 'should have failed';
EXCEPTION WHEN numeric_value_out_of_range THEN
RAISE NOTICE 'mars_eq_de_invalid: correctly rejected';
END;
$$;
NOTICE: mars_eq_de_invalid: correctly rejected
-- ============================================================
-- Test 7: Negative body_id rejection
-- ============================================================
DO $$
BEGIN
PERFORM galilean_equatorial_de(-1, '2024-06-15 12:00:00+00');
RAISE EXCEPTION 'should have failed';
EXCEPTION WHEN numeric_value_out_of_range THEN
RAISE NOTICE 'galilean_eq_de_negative: correctly rejected';
END;
$$;
NOTICE: galilean_eq_de_negative: correctly rejected

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-- Test equatorial GiST index: KNN ordering, RA wrapping, cone search
CREATE EXTENSION IF NOT EXISTS pg_orrery;
-- ============================================================
-- Test table: known sky positions
-- ============================================================
CREATE TABLE sky_test (
id serial,
name text,
eq equatorial
);
-- Planets and Sun at a fixed epoch
INSERT INTO sky_test (name, eq) VALUES
('Jupiter', planet_equatorial_apparent(5, '2024-06-15 12:00:00+00')),
('Saturn', planet_equatorial_apparent(6, '2024-06-15 12:00:00+00')),
('Mars', planet_equatorial_apparent(4, '2024-06-15 12:00:00+00')),
('Venus', planet_equatorial_apparent(2, '2024-06-15 12:00:00+00')),
('Mercury', planet_equatorial_apparent(1, '2024-06-15 12:00:00+00')),
('Sun', sun_equatorial('2024-06-15 12:00:00+00')),
('Moon', moon_equatorial('2024-06-15 12:00:00+00'));
-- Bright stars at well-known positions
INSERT INTO sky_test (name, eq) VALUES
('Polaris', star_equatorial(2.530, 89.264, '2024-06-15 12:00:00+00')),
('Sirius', star_equatorial(6.752, -16.716, '2024-06-15 12:00:00+00')),
('Vega', star_equatorial(18.616, 38.784, '2024-06-15 12:00:00+00')),
('Canopus', star_equatorial(6.399, -52.696, '2024-06-15 12:00:00+00')),
('Arcturus', star_equatorial(14.261, 19.182, '2024-06-15 12:00:00+00'));
-- RA-wrapping test: objects near 0h and 23.9h
INSERT INTO sky_test (name, eq) VALUES
('NearZeroH', '(0.10000000,15.00000000,0.000)'::equatorial),
('Near24H', '(23.90000000,15.00000000,0.000)'::equatorial);
-- ============================================================
-- Test 1: Create GiST index
-- ============================================================
CREATE INDEX idx_sky_gist ON sky_test USING gist (eq);
-- ============================================================
-- Test 2: KNN correctness -- seqscan vs index scan
-- Query: 5 nearest to Jupiter
-- ============================================================
-- First get seqscan ordering
SET enable_indexscan = off;
SET enable_bitmapscan = off;
SELECT 'knn_seq' AS test, name,
round((eq <-> planet_equatorial_apparent(5, '2024-06-15 12:00:00+00'))::numeric, 4) AS dist
FROM sky_test
WHERE name != 'Jupiter'
ORDER BY eq <-> planet_equatorial_apparent(5, '2024-06-15 12:00:00+00')
LIMIT 5;
RESET enable_indexscan;
RESET enable_bitmapscan;
-- Now force index scan
SET enable_seqscan = off;
SELECT 'knn_idx' AS test, name,
round((eq <-> planet_equatorial_apparent(5, '2024-06-15 12:00:00+00'))::numeric, 4) AS dist
FROM sky_test
WHERE name != 'Jupiter'
ORDER BY eq <-> planet_equatorial_apparent(5, '2024-06-15 12:00:00+00')
LIMIT 5;
RESET enable_seqscan;
-- ============================================================
-- Test 3: KNN near Polaris (high declination)
-- ============================================================
SET enable_seqscan = off;
SELECT 'knn_polaris' AS test, name,
round((eq <-> star_equatorial(2.530, 89.264, '2024-06-15 12:00:00+00'))::numeric, 2) AS dist
FROM sky_test
ORDER BY eq <-> star_equatorial(2.530, 89.264, '2024-06-15 12:00:00+00')
LIMIT 3;
RESET enable_seqscan;
-- ============================================================
-- Test 4: RA wrapping -- NearZeroH and Near24H should be neighbors
-- (They are only 0.2h * 15 deg/h * cos(15) ~ 2.9 deg apart)
-- ============================================================
SET enable_seqscan = off;
SELECT 'ra_wrap' AS test, name,
round((eq <-> '(0.10000000,15.00000000,0.000)'::equatorial)::numeric, 2) AS dist
FROM sky_test
ORDER BY eq <-> '(0.10000000,15.00000000,0.000)'::equatorial
LIMIT 3;
RESET enable_seqscan;
-- ============================================================
-- Test 5: Cone search -- everything within 15 degrees of Vega
-- ============================================================
SET enable_seqscan = off;
SELECT 'cone_vega' AS test, name,
round((eq <-> star_equatorial(18.616, 38.784, '2024-06-15 12:00:00+00'))::numeric, 2) AS dist
FROM sky_test
WHERE eq_within_cone(eq, star_equatorial(18.616, 38.784, '2024-06-15 12:00:00+00'), 15.0)
ORDER BY eq <-> star_equatorial(18.616, 38.784, '2024-06-15 12:00:00+00');
RESET enable_seqscan;
-- ============================================================
-- Test 6: EXPLAIN shows Index Scan
-- ============================================================
SET enable_seqscan = off;
EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
SELECT name FROM sky_test
ORDER BY eq <-> '(12.00000000,0.00000000,0.000)'::equatorial
LIMIT 3;
RESET enable_seqscan;
-- ============================================================
-- Test 7: Empty table doesn't crash
-- ============================================================
CREATE TABLE sky_empty (eq equatorial);
CREATE INDEX idx_sky_empty ON sky_empty USING gist (eq);
SELECT 'empty_knn' AS test, count(*) AS n
FROM (
SELECT eq FROM sky_empty
ORDER BY eq <-> '(12.00000000,0.00000000,0.000)'::equatorial
) sub;
DROP TABLE sky_empty;
-- ============================================================
-- Test 8: Single row
-- ============================================================
CREATE TABLE sky_single (eq equatorial);
INSERT INTO sky_single VALUES ('(6.00000000,30.00000000,1000.000)'::equatorial);
CREATE INDEX idx_sky_single ON sky_single USING gist (eq);
SET enable_seqscan = off;
SELECT 'single_knn' AS test,
round((eq <-> '(12.00000000,0.00000000,0.000)'::equatorial)::numeric, 2) AS dist
FROM sky_single
ORDER BY eq <-> '(12.00000000,0.00000000,0.000)'::equatorial
LIMIT 1;
RESET enable_seqscan;
DROP TABLE sky_single;
-- ============================================================
-- Test 9: Larger batch -- verify no crashes on tree rebalancing
-- ============================================================
CREATE TABLE sky_batch (eq equatorial);
INSERT INTO sky_batch
SELECT planet_equatorial_apparent(
(i % 7) + 1 + (CASE WHEN (i % 7) + 1 >= 3 THEN 1 ELSE 0 END),
'2024-01-01 00:00:00+00'::timestamptz + (i || ' hours')::interval
)
FROM generate_series(1, 100) AS i;
CREATE INDEX idx_sky_batch ON sky_batch USING gist (eq);
SET enable_seqscan = off;
SELECT 'batch_knn' AS test, count(*) AS n
FROM (
SELECT eq
FROM sky_batch
ORDER BY eq <-> '(12.00000000,0.00000000,0.000)'::equatorial
LIMIT 10
) sub;
RESET enable_seqscan;
DROP TABLE sky_batch;
-- Cleanup
DROP TABLE sky_test;

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-- v0.12.0 feature tests: DE moon equatorial functions
-- ============================================================
-- Test 1: galilean_equatorial_de fallback matches VSOP87 variant
-- Without DE configured, DE variant should produce identical results
-- ============================================================
SELECT 'galilean_eq_de_fallback' AS test,
moon_id,
round(eq_ra(galilean_equatorial_de(moon_id, '2024-06-15 12:00:00+00'))::numeric, 4) AS de_ra,
round(eq_ra(galilean_equatorial(moon_id, '2024-06-15 12:00:00+00'))::numeric, 4) AS vsop_ra,
round(eq_ra(galilean_equatorial_de(moon_id, '2024-06-15 12:00:00+00'))::numeric, 4) =
round(eq_ra(galilean_equatorial(moon_id, '2024-06-15 12:00:00+00'))::numeric, 4) AS match
FROM generate_series(0, 3) AS moon_id
ORDER BY moon_id;
-- ============================================================
-- Test 2: saturn_moon_equatorial_de fallback (Titan, id=5)
-- ============================================================
SELECT 'saturn_eq_de_fallback' AS test,
round(eq_ra(saturn_moon_equatorial_de(5, '2024-06-15 12:00:00+00'))::numeric, 4) AS de_ra,
round(eq_ra(saturn_moon_equatorial(5, '2024-06-15 12:00:00+00'))::numeric, 4) AS vsop_ra,
round(eq_ra(saturn_moon_equatorial_de(5, '2024-06-15 12:00:00+00'))::numeric, 4) =
round(eq_ra(saturn_moon_equatorial(5, '2024-06-15 12:00:00+00'))::numeric, 4) AS match;
-- ============================================================
-- Test 3: uranus_moon_equatorial_de fallback (Titania, id=3)
-- ============================================================
SELECT 'uranus_eq_de_fallback' AS test,
round(eq_ra(uranus_moon_equatorial_de(3, '2024-06-15 12:00:00+00'))::numeric, 4) AS de_ra,
round(eq_ra(uranus_moon_equatorial(3, '2024-06-15 12:00:00+00'))::numeric, 4) AS vsop_ra,
round(eq_ra(uranus_moon_equatorial_de(3, '2024-06-15 12:00:00+00'))::numeric, 4) =
round(eq_ra(uranus_moon_equatorial(3, '2024-06-15 12:00:00+00'))::numeric, 4) AS match;
-- ============================================================
-- Test 4: mars_moon_equatorial_de fallback (Phobos + Deimos)
-- ============================================================
SELECT 'mars_eq_de_fallback' AS test,
moon_id,
round(eq_ra(mars_moon_equatorial_de(moon_id, '2024-06-15 12:00:00+00'))::numeric, 4) AS de_ra,
round(eq_ra(mars_moon_equatorial(moon_id, '2024-06-15 12:00:00+00'))::numeric, 4) AS vsop_ra,
round(eq_ra(mars_moon_equatorial_de(moon_id, '2024-06-15 12:00:00+00'))::numeric, 4) =
round(eq_ra(mars_moon_equatorial(moon_id, '2024-06-15 12:00:00+00'))::numeric, 4) AS match
FROM generate_series(0, 1) AS moon_id
ORDER BY moon_id;
-- ============================================================
-- Test 5: All DE moon equatorial return valid RA/Dec ranges
-- ============================================================
SELECT 'de_moon_eq_valid' AS test,
'galilean' AS family,
moon_id,
eq_ra(galilean_equatorial_de(moon_id, '2024-06-15 12:00:00+00')) BETWEEN 0 AND 24 AS ra_valid,
eq_dec(galilean_equatorial_de(moon_id, '2024-06-15 12:00:00+00')) BETWEEN -90 AND 90 AS dec_valid
FROM generate_series(0, 3) AS moon_id
ORDER BY moon_id;
-- ============================================================
-- Test 6: Invalid body_id rejection for all 4 families
-- ============================================================
DO $$
BEGIN
PERFORM galilean_equatorial_de(5, '2024-06-15 12:00:00+00');
RAISE EXCEPTION 'should have failed';
EXCEPTION WHEN numeric_value_out_of_range THEN
RAISE NOTICE 'galilean_eq_de_invalid: correctly rejected';
END;
$$;
DO $$
BEGIN
PERFORM saturn_moon_equatorial_de(8, '2024-06-15 12:00:00+00');
RAISE EXCEPTION 'should have failed';
EXCEPTION WHEN numeric_value_out_of_range THEN
RAISE NOTICE 'saturn_eq_de_invalid: correctly rejected';
END;
$$;
DO $$
BEGIN
PERFORM uranus_moon_equatorial_de(5, '2024-06-15 12:00:00+00');
RAISE EXCEPTION 'should have failed';
EXCEPTION WHEN numeric_value_out_of_range THEN
RAISE NOTICE 'uranus_eq_de_invalid: correctly rejected';
END;
$$;
DO $$
BEGIN
PERFORM mars_moon_equatorial_de(2, '2024-06-15 12:00:00+00');
RAISE EXCEPTION 'should have failed';
EXCEPTION WHEN numeric_value_out_of_range THEN
RAISE NOTICE 'mars_eq_de_invalid: correctly rejected';
END;
$$;
-- ============================================================
-- Test 7: Negative body_id rejection
-- ============================================================
DO $$
BEGIN
PERFORM galilean_equatorial_de(-1, '2024-06-15 12:00:00+00');
RAISE EXCEPTION 'should have failed';
EXCEPTION WHEN numeric_value_out_of_range THEN
RAISE NOTICE 'galilean_eq_de_negative: correctly rejected';
END;
$$;