/* * de_funcs.c -- SQL-facing DE ephemeris function variants * * Each _de() function is a STABLE STRICT PARALLEL SAFE variant of an * existing IMMUTABLE function. On any DE failure, falls back to the * compiled-in VSOP87/ELP2000-82B equivalent with a NOTICE. * * The observation pipeline is identical: * 1. Heliocentric ecliptic J2000 position (DE or fallback) * 2. Geocentric ecliptic (subtract Earth's heliocentric) * 3. observe_from_geocentric() -> topocentric az/el * * Constant chain of custody rule 7: * Both target and Earth ALWAYS come from the same provider. * If DE fails for the target, we don't use DE for Earth either. */ #include "postgres.h" #include "fmgr.h" #include "funcapi.h" #include "catalog/pg_type.h" #include "utils/builtins.h" #include "utils/timestamp.h" #include "types.h" #include "astro_math.h" #include "eph_provider.h" #include "vsop87.h" #include "elp82b.h" #include "lambert.h" #include "l12.h" #include "tass17.h" #include "gust86.h" #include "marssat.h" #include #include /* Forward declarations */ PG_FUNCTION_INFO_V1(planet_heliocentric_de); PG_FUNCTION_INFO_V1(planet_observe_de); PG_FUNCTION_INFO_V1(sun_observe_de); PG_FUNCTION_INFO_V1(moon_observe_de); PG_FUNCTION_INFO_V1(lambert_transfer_de); PG_FUNCTION_INFO_V1(lambert_c3_de); PG_FUNCTION_INFO_V1(galilean_observe_de); PG_FUNCTION_INFO_V1(saturn_moon_observe_de); PG_FUNCTION_INFO_V1(uranus_moon_observe_de); PG_FUNCTION_INFO_V1(mars_moon_observe_de); PG_FUNCTION_INFO_V1(planet_equatorial_de); PG_FUNCTION_INFO_V1(moon_equatorial_de); PG_FUNCTION_INFO_V1(pg_orrery_ephemeris_info); /* ================================================================ * planet_heliocentric_de(body_id int, timestamptz) -> heliocentric * * DE variant of planet_heliocentric(). STABLE. * Falls back to VSOP87 if DE is unavailable. * ================================================================ */ Datum planet_heliocentric_de(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS) { int32 body_id = PG_GETARG_INT32(0); int64 ts = PG_GETARG_INT64(1); double jd; double xyz[6]; pg_heliocentric *result; if (body_id == BODY_SUN) { result = (pg_heliocentric *) palloc(sizeof(pg_heliocentric)); result->x = 0.0; result->y = 0.0; result->z = 0.0; PG_RETURN_POINTER(result); } if (body_id < BODY_MERCURY || body_id > BODY_NEPTUNE) ereport(ERROR, (errcode(ERRCODE_NUMERIC_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE), errmsg("invalid body_id %d: must be 0 (Sun) or 1-8 (Mercury-Neptune)", body_id))); jd = timestamptz_to_jd(ts); /* Try DE first */ if (!eph_de_planet(body_id, jd, xyz)) { int vsop_body = body_id - 1; if (eph_de_available()) ereport(NOTICE, (errmsg("DE ephemeris unavailable for this query, falling back to VSOP87"))); GetVsop87Coor(jd, vsop_body, xyz); } result = (pg_heliocentric *) palloc(sizeof(pg_heliocentric)); result->x = xyz[0]; result->y = xyz[1]; result->z = xyz[2]; PG_RETURN_POINTER(result); } /* ================================================================ * planet_observe_de(body_id int, observer, timestamptz) -> topocentric * * DE variant of planet_observe(). STABLE. * Rule 7: both planet and Earth from the same provider. * ================================================================ */ Datum planet_observe_de(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS) { int32 body_id = PG_GETARG_INT32(0); pg_observer *obs = (pg_observer *) PG_GETARG_POINTER(1); int64 ts = PG_GETARG_INT64(2); double jd; double earth_xyz[6]; double planet_xyz[6]; double geo_ecl[3]; pg_topocentric *result; if (body_id < BODY_MERCURY || body_id > BODY_NEPTUNE) ereport(ERROR, (errcode(ERRCODE_NUMERIC_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE), errmsg("planet_observe_de: body_id %d must be 1-8 (Mercury-Neptune)", body_id))); if (body_id == BODY_EARTH) ereport(ERROR, (errcode(ERRCODE_FEATURE_NOT_SUPPORTED), errmsg("cannot observe Earth from Earth"))); jd = timestamptz_to_jd(ts); /* Try DE for both planet and Earth (rule 7: same provider) */ if (eph_de_planet(body_id, jd, planet_xyz) && eph_de_earth(jd, earth_xyz)) { /* DE succeeded */ } else { int vsop_body = body_id - 1; if (eph_de_available()) ereport(NOTICE, (errmsg("DE ephemeris unavailable for this query, falling back to VSOP87"))); GetVsop87Coor(jd, 2, earth_xyz); GetVsop87Coor(jd, vsop_body, planet_xyz); } /* Geocentric ecliptic = planet - Earth */ geo_ecl[0] = planet_xyz[0] - earth_xyz[0]; geo_ecl[1] = planet_xyz[1] - earth_xyz[1]; geo_ecl[2] = planet_xyz[2] - earth_xyz[2]; result = (pg_topocentric *) palloc(sizeof(pg_topocentric)); observe_from_geocentric(geo_ecl, jd, obs, result); PG_RETURN_POINTER(result); } /* ================================================================ * sun_observe_de(observer, timestamptz) -> topocentric * * DE variant of sun_observe(). STABLE. * ================================================================ */ Datum sun_observe_de(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS) { pg_observer *obs = (pg_observer *) PG_GETARG_POINTER(0); int64 ts = PG_GETARG_INT64(1); double jd; double earth_xyz[6]; double geo_ecl[3]; pg_topocentric *result; jd = timestamptz_to_jd(ts); /* Sun geocentric = -Earth_heliocentric */ if (eph_de_earth(jd, earth_xyz)) { geo_ecl[0] = -earth_xyz[0]; geo_ecl[1] = -earth_xyz[1]; geo_ecl[2] = -earth_xyz[2]; } else { if (eph_de_available()) ereport(NOTICE, (errmsg("DE ephemeris unavailable, falling back to VSOP87"))); GetVsop87Coor(jd, 2, earth_xyz); geo_ecl[0] = -earth_xyz[0]; geo_ecl[1] = -earth_xyz[1]; geo_ecl[2] = -earth_xyz[2]; } result = (pg_topocentric *) palloc(sizeof(pg_topocentric)); observe_from_geocentric(geo_ecl, jd, obs, result); PG_RETURN_POINTER(result); } /* ================================================================ * moon_observe_de(observer, timestamptz) -> topocentric * * DE variant of moon_observe(). STABLE. * ================================================================ */ Datum moon_observe_de(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS) { pg_observer *obs = (pg_observer *) PG_GETARG_POINTER(0); int64 ts = PG_GETARG_INT64(1); double jd; double moon_ecl[3]; pg_topocentric *result; jd = timestamptz_to_jd(ts); /* Moon geocentric ecliptic J2000 */ if (!eph_de_moon(jd, moon_ecl)) { if (eph_de_available()) ereport(NOTICE, (errmsg("DE ephemeris unavailable, falling back to ELP2000-82B"))); GetElp82bCoor(jd, moon_ecl); } result = (pg_topocentric *) palloc(sizeof(pg_topocentric)); observe_from_geocentric(moon_ecl, jd, obs, result); PG_RETURN_POINTER(result); } /* ================================================================ * Lambert transfer functions with DE positions * ================================================================ */ /* * Compute planet heliocentric velocity via numerical differentiation. * * use_de: if true, use DE positions; if false, use VSOP87. * Must match the provider used for the corresponding position query * (rule 7: same provider for position and velocity). */ static void planet_velocity_de(int body_id, double jd, bool use_de, double vel[3]) { double pos_fwd[6], pos_bwd[6]; double dt = 0.01; /* days */ if (use_de) { bool got_fwd = eph_de_planet(body_id, jd + dt, pos_fwd); bool got_bwd = eph_de_planet(body_id, jd - dt, pos_bwd); if (!got_fwd || !got_bwd) { /* DE boundary straddled — use VSOP87 for both to stay consistent */ int vsop_body = body_id - 1; GetVsop87Coor(jd + dt, vsop_body, pos_fwd); GetVsop87Coor(jd - dt, vsop_body, pos_bwd); } } else { int vsop_body = body_id - 1; GetVsop87Coor(jd + dt, vsop_body, pos_fwd); GetVsop87Coor(jd - dt, vsop_body, pos_bwd); } vel[0] = (pos_fwd[0] - pos_bwd[0]) / (2.0 * dt); vel[1] = (pos_fwd[1] - pos_bwd[1]) / (2.0 * dt); vel[2] = (pos_fwd[2] - pos_bwd[2]) / (2.0 * dt); } Datum lambert_transfer_de(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS) { int32 dep_body = PG_GETARG_INT32(0); int32 arr_body = PG_GETARG_INT32(1); int64 dep_ts = PG_GETARG_INT64(2); int64 arr_ts = PG_GETARG_INT64(3); double dep_jd, arr_jd, tof_days; double r1[6], r2[6]; double v_planet_dep[3], v_planet_arr[3]; double v_inf_dep[3], v_inf_arr[3]; double v_inf_dep_mag, v_inf_arr_mag; double c3_dep, c3_arr; lambert_result lr; TupleDesc tupdesc; Datum values[6]; bool nulls[6]; HeapTuple tuple; double au_per_day_to_km_per_s; int k; bool have_de; if (dep_body < 1 || dep_body > 8) ereport(ERROR, (errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_PARAMETER_VALUE), errmsg("lambert_transfer_de: dep_body_id %d must be 1-8", dep_body))); if (arr_body < 1 || arr_body > 8) ereport(ERROR, (errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_PARAMETER_VALUE), errmsg("lambert_transfer_de: arr_body_id %d must be 1-8", arr_body))); if (dep_body == arr_body) ereport(ERROR, (errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_PARAMETER_VALUE), errmsg("lambert_transfer_de: departure and arrival bodies must differ"))); dep_jd = timestamptz_to_jd(dep_ts); arr_jd = timestamptz_to_jd(arr_ts); tof_days = arr_jd - dep_jd; if (tof_days <= 0.0) ereport(ERROR, (errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_PARAMETER_VALUE), errmsg("lambert_transfer_de: arrival must be after departure"))); /* Try DE for both positions (rule 7: same provider) */ have_de = eph_de_planet(dep_body, dep_jd, r1) && eph_de_planet(arr_body, arr_jd, r2); if (!have_de) { int dep_vsop = dep_body - 1; int arr_vsop = arr_body - 1; if (eph_de_available()) ereport(NOTICE, (errmsg("DE ephemeris unavailable, falling back to VSOP87"))); GetVsop87Coor(dep_jd, dep_vsop, r1); GetVsop87Coor(arr_jd, arr_vsop, r2); } if (!lambert_solve_uv(r1, r2, tof_days, GAUSS_K2, 1, &lr)) PG_RETURN_NULL(); /* Planet velocities (same provider as positions — rule 7) */ planet_velocity_de(dep_body, dep_jd, have_de, v_planet_dep); planet_velocity_de(arr_body, arr_jd, have_de, v_planet_arr); au_per_day_to_km_per_s = AU_KM / 86400.0; for (k = 0; k < 3; k++) { v_inf_dep[k] = (lr.v1[k] - v_planet_dep[k]) * au_per_day_to_km_per_s; v_inf_arr[k] = (lr.v2[k] - v_planet_arr[k]) * au_per_day_to_km_per_s; } v_inf_dep_mag = sqrt(v_inf_dep[0]*v_inf_dep[0] + v_inf_dep[1]*v_inf_dep[1] + v_inf_dep[2]*v_inf_dep[2]); v_inf_arr_mag = sqrt(v_inf_arr[0]*v_inf_arr[0] + v_inf_arr[1]*v_inf_arr[1] + v_inf_arr[2]*v_inf_arr[2]); c3_dep = v_inf_dep_mag * v_inf_dep_mag; c3_arr = v_inf_arr_mag * v_inf_arr_mag; if (get_call_result_type(fcinfo, NULL, &tupdesc) != TYPEFUNC_COMPOSITE) ereport(ERROR, (errcode(ERRCODE_FEATURE_NOT_SUPPORTED), errmsg("function returning record called in context " "that cannot accept type record"))); tupdesc = BlessTupleDesc(tupdesc); memset(nulls, 0, sizeof(nulls)); values[0] = Float8GetDatum(c3_dep); values[1] = Float8GetDatum(c3_arr); values[2] = Float8GetDatum(v_inf_dep_mag); values[3] = Float8GetDatum(v_inf_arr_mag); values[4] = Float8GetDatum(tof_days); values[5] = Float8GetDatum(lr.sma); tuple = heap_form_tuple(tupdesc, values, nulls); PG_RETURN_DATUM(HeapTupleGetDatum(tuple)); } Datum lambert_c3_de(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS) { int32 dep_body = PG_GETARG_INT32(0); int32 arr_body = PG_GETARG_INT32(1); int64 dep_ts = PG_GETARG_INT64(2); int64 arr_ts = PG_GETARG_INT64(3); double dep_jd, arr_jd, tof_days; double r1[6], r2[6]; double v_planet_dep[3]; double v_inf_dep[3]; double c3_dep; lambert_result lr; double au_per_day_to_km_per_s; int k; bool have_de; if (dep_body < 1 || dep_body > 8 || arr_body < 1 || arr_body > 8) PG_RETURN_NULL(); if (dep_body == arr_body) PG_RETURN_NULL(); dep_jd = timestamptz_to_jd(dep_ts); arr_jd = timestamptz_to_jd(arr_ts); tof_days = arr_jd - dep_jd; if (tof_days <= 0.0) PG_RETURN_NULL(); have_de = eph_de_planet(dep_body, dep_jd, r1) && eph_de_planet(arr_body, arr_jd, r2); if (!have_de) { int dep_vsop = dep_body - 1; int arr_vsop = arr_body - 1; GetVsop87Coor(dep_jd, dep_vsop, r1); GetVsop87Coor(arr_jd, arr_vsop, r2); } if (!lambert_solve_uv(r1, r2, tof_days, GAUSS_K2, 1, &lr)) PG_RETURN_NULL(); planet_velocity_de(dep_body, dep_jd, have_de, v_planet_dep); au_per_day_to_km_per_s = AU_KM / 86400.0; for (k = 0; k < 3; k++) v_inf_dep[k] = (lr.v1[k] - v_planet_dep[k]) * au_per_day_to_km_per_s; c3_dep = v_inf_dep[0]*v_inf_dep[0] + v_inf_dep[1]*v_inf_dep[1] + v_inf_dep[2]*v_inf_dep[2]; PG_RETURN_FLOAT8(c3_dep); } /* ================================================================ * Planetary moon observation with DE parent positions * * For each planetary moon, the moon-theory offset (L1.2, TASS17, * GUST86, MarsSat) is computed relative to its parent planet. * The parent's position comes from DE instead of VSOP87, giving * sub-arcsecond accuracy for the parent while keeping the * moon-theory accuracy for the relative offset. * ================================================================ */ /* * Internal: observe a planetary moon using DE for the parent planet * and Earth positions. Falls back to VSOP87 if DE is unavailable. * * moon_rel[3]: moon position relative to parent (ecliptic J2000, AU) * parent_body_id: pg_orrery body ID of parent (5=Jupiter, 6=Saturn, etc.) */ static void observe_moon_de(const double moon_rel[3], int parent_body_id, double jd, const pg_observer *obs, pg_topocentric *result) { double parent_xyz[6]; double earth_xyz[6]; double geo_ecl[3]; bool have_de; /* Rule 7: both parent and Earth from same provider */ have_de = eph_de_planet(parent_body_id, jd, parent_xyz) && eph_de_earth(jd, earth_xyz); if (!have_de) { int vsop_parent = parent_body_id - 1; if (eph_de_available()) ereport(NOTICE, (errmsg("DE ephemeris unavailable, falling back to VSOP87"))); GetVsop87Coor(jd, vsop_parent, parent_xyz); GetVsop87Coor(jd, 2, earth_xyz); /* VSOP87 body 2 = Earth */ } /* Moon geocentric = (parent + moon_relative) - Earth */ geo_ecl[0] = (parent_xyz[0] + moon_rel[0]) - earth_xyz[0]; geo_ecl[1] = (parent_xyz[1] + moon_rel[1]) - earth_xyz[1]; geo_ecl[2] = (parent_xyz[2] + moon_rel[2]) - earth_xyz[2]; observe_from_geocentric(geo_ecl, jd, obs, result); } Datum galilean_observe_de(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS) { int32 body_id = PG_GETARG_INT32(0); pg_observer *obs = (pg_observer *) PG_GETARG_POINTER(1); int64 ts = PG_GETARG_INT64(2); double jd; double moon_xyz[3]; pg_topocentric *result; if (body_id < L12_IO || body_id > L12_CALLISTO) ereport(ERROR, (errcode(ERRCODE_NUMERIC_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE), errmsg("galilean_observe_de: body_id %d must be 0-3 (Io-Callisto)", body_id))); jd = timestamptz_to_jd(ts); GetL12Coor(jd, body_id, moon_xyz, NULL); result = (pg_topocentric *) palloc(sizeof(pg_topocentric)); observe_moon_de(moon_xyz, BODY_JUPITER, jd, obs, result); PG_RETURN_POINTER(result); } Datum saturn_moon_observe_de(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS) { int32 body_id = PG_GETARG_INT32(0); pg_observer *obs = (pg_observer *) PG_GETARG_POINTER(1); int64 ts = PG_GETARG_INT64(2); double jd; double moon_xyz[3]; pg_topocentric *result; if (body_id < TASS17_MIMAS || body_id > TASS17_HYPERION) ereport(ERROR, (errcode(ERRCODE_NUMERIC_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE), errmsg("saturn_moon_observe_de: body_id %d must be 0-7 (Mimas-Hyperion)", body_id))); jd = timestamptz_to_jd(ts); GetTass17Coor(jd, body_id, moon_xyz, NULL); result = (pg_topocentric *) palloc(sizeof(pg_topocentric)); observe_moon_de(moon_xyz, BODY_SATURN, jd, obs, result); PG_RETURN_POINTER(result); } Datum uranus_moon_observe_de(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS) { int32 body_id = PG_GETARG_INT32(0); pg_observer *obs = (pg_observer *) PG_GETARG_POINTER(1); int64 ts = PG_GETARG_INT64(2); double jd; double moon_xyz[3]; pg_topocentric *result; if (body_id < GUST86_MIRANDA || body_id > GUST86_OBERON) ereport(ERROR, (errcode(ERRCODE_NUMERIC_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE), errmsg("uranus_moon_observe_de: body_id %d must be 0-4 (Miranda-Oberon)", body_id))); jd = timestamptz_to_jd(ts); GetGust86Coor(jd, body_id, moon_xyz, NULL); result = (pg_topocentric *) palloc(sizeof(pg_topocentric)); observe_moon_de(moon_xyz, BODY_URANUS, jd, obs, result); PG_RETURN_POINTER(result); } Datum mars_moon_observe_de(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS) { int32 body_id = PG_GETARG_INT32(0); pg_observer *obs = (pg_observer *) PG_GETARG_POINTER(1); int64 ts = PG_GETARG_INT64(2); double jd; double moon_xyz[3]; pg_topocentric *result; if (body_id < MARS_SAT_PHOBOS || body_id > MARS_SAT_DEIMOS) ereport(ERROR, (errcode(ERRCODE_NUMERIC_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE), errmsg("mars_moon_observe_de: body_id %d must be 0-1 (Phobos-Deimos)", body_id))); jd = timestamptz_to_jd(ts); GetMarsSatCoor(jd, body_id, moon_xyz, NULL); result = (pg_topocentric *) palloc(sizeof(pg_topocentric)); observe_moon_de(moon_xyz, BODY_MARS, jd, obs, result); PG_RETURN_POINTER(result); } /* ================================================================ * planet_equatorial_de(body_id int, timestamptz) -> equatorial * * DE variant of planet_equatorial(). STABLE. * Rule 7: both planet and Earth from the same provider. * ================================================================ */ Datum planet_equatorial_de(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS) { int32 body_id = PG_GETARG_INT32(0); int64 ts = PG_GETARG_INT64(1); double jd; double earth_xyz[6]; double planet_xyz[6]; double geo_ecl[3]; pg_equatorial *result; if (body_id < BODY_MERCURY || body_id > BODY_NEPTUNE) ereport(ERROR, (errcode(ERRCODE_NUMERIC_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE), errmsg("planet_equatorial_de: body_id %d must be 1-8 (Mercury-Neptune)", body_id))); if (body_id == BODY_EARTH) ereport(ERROR, (errcode(ERRCODE_FEATURE_NOT_SUPPORTED), errmsg("cannot observe Earth from Earth"))); jd = timestamptz_to_jd(ts); /* Rule 7: both planet and Earth from same provider */ if (eph_de_planet(body_id, jd, planet_xyz) && eph_de_earth(jd, earth_xyz)) { /* DE succeeded */ } else { int vsop_body = body_id - 1; if (eph_de_available()) ereport(NOTICE, (errmsg("DE ephemeris unavailable for this query, falling back to VSOP87"))); GetVsop87Coor(jd, 2, earth_xyz); GetVsop87Coor(jd, vsop_body, planet_xyz); } geo_ecl[0] = planet_xyz[0] - earth_xyz[0]; geo_ecl[1] = planet_xyz[1] - earth_xyz[1]; geo_ecl[2] = planet_xyz[2] - earth_xyz[2]; result = (pg_equatorial *) palloc(sizeof(pg_equatorial)); geocentric_to_equatorial(geo_ecl, jd, result); PG_RETURN_POINTER(result); } /* ================================================================ * moon_equatorial_de(timestamptz) -> equatorial * * DE variant of moon_equatorial(). STABLE. * ================================================================ */ Datum moon_equatorial_de(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS) { int64 ts = PG_GETARG_INT64(0); double jd; double moon_ecl[3]; pg_equatorial *result; jd = timestamptz_to_jd(ts); if (!eph_de_moon(jd, moon_ecl)) { if (eph_de_available()) ereport(NOTICE, (errmsg("DE ephemeris unavailable, falling back to ELP2000-82B"))); GetElp82bCoor(jd, moon_ecl); } result = (pg_equatorial *) palloc(sizeof(pg_equatorial)); geocentric_to_equatorial(moon_ecl, jd, result); PG_RETURN_POINTER(result); } /* ================================================================ * pg_orrery_ephemeris_info() -> RECORD * * Diagnostic function: returns current ephemeris provider status. * STABLE (not STRICT — no args), PARALLEL SAFE. * ================================================================ */ Datum pg_orrery_ephemeris_info(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS) { TupleDesc tupdesc; Datum values[6]; bool nulls[6]; HeapTuple tuple; if (get_call_result_type(fcinfo, NULL, &tupdesc) != TYPEFUNC_COMPOSITE) ereport(ERROR, (errcode(ERRCODE_FEATURE_NOT_SUPPORTED), errmsg("function returning record called in context " "that cannot accept type record"))); tupdesc = BlessTupleDesc(tupdesc); memset(nulls, 0, sizeof(nulls)); if (eph_de_available()) { const char *path = eph_get_path(); values[0] = CStringGetTextDatum("JPL_DE"); values[1] = path ? CStringGetTextDatum(path) : CStringGetTextDatum(""); values[2] = Float8GetDatum(eph_de_start_jd()); values[3] = Float8GetDatum(eph_de_end_jd()); values[4] = Int32GetDatum(eph_de_version()); values[5] = Float8GetDatum(eph_de_au_km()); } else { values[0] = CStringGetTextDatum("VSOP87"); values[1] = (Datum) 0; values[2] = (Datum) 0; values[3] = (Datum) 0; values[4] = (Datum) 0; nulls[1] = true; /* no file path */ nulls[2] = true; /* no start_jd */ nulls[3] = true; /* no end_jd */ nulls[4] = true; /* no version */ values[5] = Float8GetDatum((double)AU_KM); } tuple = heap_form_tuple(tupdesc, values, nulls); PG_RETURN_DATUM(HeapTupleGetDatum(tuple)); }