Keepout exits and rule areas

A route may not leave a cell inside a wire keepout as a wire, nor reach
a pin there by one: it changes layer instead, and the via goes in the
pad. A pin whose every stub enters a keepout is reached by a via only.

A structure keepout named rule_area... (mckicad names KiCad rule areas
so) is checked for overlap only, as KiCad's DRC does, with the free ends
of each wire tested for their round caps.

tests/board/test_build.py

@@ -254,3 +254,37 @@ def test_via_size_comes_from_the_via_padstack():
     from freeroute.route.pipeline import _via_half_board
 
     assert _via_half_board(parse_dsn(_PAD_DSN), 10) == 3000   # 0.6 mm via, board units
+
+
+# --- rule areas: overlap only ------------------------------------------------
+
+_CHANNEL_DSN = """(pcb channel.dsn
+  (parser (string_quote ")) (resolution um 10) (unit um)
+  (structure
+    (layer F.Cu (type signal)) (layer B.Cu (type signal))
+    (boundary (path pcb 0  0 0  40000 0  40000 -30000  0 -30000  0 0))
+    (keepout "{name}top" (polygon signal 0  18000 0  22000 0  22000 -14750  18000 -14750))
+    (keepout "{name}bottom" (polygon signal 0  18000 -15250  22000 -15250  22000 -30000  18000 -30000))
+    (rule (width 250) (clearance 150)))
+  (placement (component P (place P1 5000 -15000 front 0) (place P2 35000 -15000 front 0)))
+  (library (image P (pin pad 1 0 0)) (padstack pad (shape (circle F.Cu 600)) (attach off)))
+  (network (net N (pins P1-1 P2-1))))"""
+
+
+def test_a_keepout_named_rule_area_takes_no_clearance():
+    named = _areas(_CHANNEL_DSN.format(name="rule_area_"))
+    plain = _areas(_CHANNEL_DSN.format(name=""))
+    assert named and not any(a.clearance for a in named)
+    assert plain and all(a.clearance for a in plain)
+
+
+def _route_channel(name):
+    from freeroute.route.pipeline import build_exact_routing_result
+
+    return build_exact_routing_result(parse_dsn(_CHANNEL_DSN.format(name=name)), resolution=2)
+
+
+def test_a_trace_may_run_beside_a_rule_area_closer_than_clearance():
+    # the 0.5 mm channel fits a 0.25 mm trace, but not with 0.15 mm each side
+    assert _route_channel("rule_area_").unrouted == []
+    assert _route_channel("").unrouted != []

tests/board/test_search_tree.py

@@ -62,3 +62,37 @@ def test_has_violation_ignores_static_pad_pairs():
     # a routed trace of net 3 within clearance of pad net 1 -> violation
     tree.insert(shape(2, 3, 0, IntBox(11, 0, 20, 10), routed=True))
     assert tree.has_violation(clearance=20) is not None
+
+
+def test_a_rule_area_conflicts_only_on_overlap():
+    tree = ShapeSearchTree()
+    tree.insert(TreeShape(1, -1, frozenset({0}), IntBox(100, 0, 200, 100), clearance=False))
+    near = IntBox(0, 0, 95, 100)  # 5 short of the area, well inside clearance 50
+    over = IntBox(0, 0, 105, 100)
+    assert not tree.clearance_conflict(near, 7, 0, 50)
+    assert tree.clearance_conflict(over, 7, 0, 50)
+
+
+def test_an_ordinary_keepout_still_needs_clearance():
+    tree = ShapeSearchTree()
+    tree.insert(TreeShape(1, -1, frozenset({0}), IntBox(100, 0, 200, 100)))
+    assert tree.clearance_conflict(IntBox(0, 0, 95, 100), 7, 0, 50)
+
+
+def test_the_routed_board_check_treats_a_rule_area_the_same_way():
+    tree = ShapeSearchTree()
+    tree.insert(TreeShape(1, -1, frozenset({0}), IntBox(100, 0, 200, 100), clearance=False))
+    tree.insert(TreeShape(2, 7, frozenset({0}), IntBox(0, 0, 95, 100), routed=True))
+    assert tree.has_violation(50) is None
+    tree.insert(TreeShape(3, 7, frozenset({0}), IntBox(150, 0, 160, 100), routed=True))
+    assert tree.has_violation(50) is not None
+
+
+
+def test_rule_area_overlap_sees_only_rule_areas():
+    tree = ShapeSearchTree()
+    tree.insert(TreeShape(1, -1, frozenset({0}), IntBox(100, 0, 200, 100), clearance=False))
+    tree.insert(TreeShape(2, -1, frozenset({0}), IntBox(300, 0, 400, 100)))
+    assert tree.rule_area_overlap(IntBox(90, 40, 110, 60), 0)
+    assert not tree.rule_area_overlap(IntBox(290, 40, 310, 60), 0)
+    assert not tree.rule_area_overlap(IntBox(90, 40, 110, 60), 1)