Keepout exits and rule areas

A route may not leave a cell inside a wire keepout as a wire, nor reach
a pin there by one: it changes layer instead, and the via goes in the
pad. A pin whose every stub enters a keepout is reached by a via only.

A structure keepout named rule_area... (mckicad names KiCad rule areas
so) is checked for overlap only, as KiCad's DRC does, with the free ends
of each wire tested for their round caps.

tests/board/test_search_tree.py

@@ -62,3 +62,37 @@ def test_has_violation_ignores_static_pad_pairs():
     # a routed trace of net 3 within clearance of pad net 1 -> violation
     tree.insert(shape(2, 3, 0, IntBox(11, 0, 20, 10), routed=True))
     assert tree.has_violation(clearance=20) is not None
+
+
+def test_a_rule_area_conflicts_only_on_overlap():
+    tree = ShapeSearchTree()
+    tree.insert(TreeShape(1, -1, frozenset({0}), IntBox(100, 0, 200, 100), clearance=False))
+    near = IntBox(0, 0, 95, 100)  # 5 short of the area, well inside clearance 50
+    over = IntBox(0, 0, 105, 100)
+    assert not tree.clearance_conflict(near, 7, 0, 50)
+    assert tree.clearance_conflict(over, 7, 0, 50)
+
+
+def test_an_ordinary_keepout_still_needs_clearance():
+    tree = ShapeSearchTree()
+    tree.insert(TreeShape(1, -1, frozenset({0}), IntBox(100, 0, 200, 100)))
+    assert tree.clearance_conflict(IntBox(0, 0, 95, 100), 7, 0, 50)
+
+
+def test_the_routed_board_check_treats_a_rule_area_the_same_way():
+    tree = ShapeSearchTree()
+    tree.insert(TreeShape(1, -1, frozenset({0}), IntBox(100, 0, 200, 100), clearance=False))
+    tree.insert(TreeShape(2, 7, frozenset({0}), IntBox(0, 0, 95, 100), routed=True))
+    assert tree.has_violation(50) is None
+    tree.insert(TreeShape(3, 7, frozenset({0}), IntBox(150, 0, 160, 100), routed=True))
+    assert tree.has_violation(50) is not None
+
+
+
+def test_rule_area_overlap_sees_only_rule_areas():
+    tree = ShapeSearchTree()
+    tree.insert(TreeShape(1, -1, frozenset({0}), IntBox(100, 0, 200, 100), clearance=False))
+    tree.insert(TreeShape(2, -1, frozenset({0}), IntBox(300, 0, 400, 100)))
+    assert tree.rule_area_overlap(IntBox(90, 40, 110, 60), 0)
+    assert not tree.rule_area_overlap(IntBox(290, 40, 310, 60), 0)
+    assert not tree.rule_area_overlap(IntBox(90, 40, 110, 60), 1)