--fanout: leave out pins a same-net pour on their layer already joins

bench/diagnose.py

@@ -32,10 +32,8 @@ from freeroute.route.exact_router import route_board_exact
 from freeroute.route.grid_router import GridRouter, _ends_of
 from freeroute.route.pipeline import (
     _mm_to_board,
-    _net_widths_board,
     _rule_clearance_dsn,
     _rule_width_dsn,
-    _via_drill_board,
     _via_half_board,
 )
 
@@ -185,7 +183,7 @@ def _flood(router: GridRouter, pin, net_no: int, conns) -> tuple[int, Counter]:
 
 def diagnose(
     dsn_text: str, edge_clearance_mm: float | None, resolution: int = 2, shove: bool = False,
-    access_cost: float = 0.0, hole_to_hole_mm: float = 0.25, seed: int | None = None,
+    access_cost: float = 0.0,
 ) -> dict:
     dsn = parse_dsn(dsn_text)
     names = {i + 1: n.name for i, n in enumerate(dsn.nets)}
@@ -201,11 +199,6 @@ def diagnose(
         resolution=resolution,
         shove=shove,
         access_cost=access_cost,
-        seed=seed,
-        # the product's configuration: net-class widths and hole spacing
-        net_widths=_net_widths_board(dsn, scale),
-        via_drill=_via_drill_board(dsn, scale),
-        hole_to_hole=_mm_to_board(dsn, scale, hole_to_hole_mm) or 0,
     )
     routed = seen["router"]
     best = routed._diag_best
@@ -277,13 +270,11 @@ def main(argv: list[str] | None = None) -> int:
     ap.add_argument("--grid-resolution", type=int, default=2, metavar="K")
     ap.add_argument("--shove", action="store_true", help="as mckicad routes")
     ap.add_argument("--access-cost", type=float, default=0.0)
-    ap.add_argument("--seed", type=int, help="route in this shuffled order, as bench.py does")
-    ap.add_argument("--hole-to-hole", type=float, default=0.25, metavar="MM")
     ap.add_argument("--json", type=Path, help="also write the full table here")
     args = ap.parse_args(argv)
 
     report = diagnose(args.dsn.read_text(), args.edge_clearance, args.grid_resolution, args.shove,
-                      args.access_cost, args.hole_to_hole, args.seed)
+                      args.access_cost)
     for row in report["failures"]:
         extra = ""
         for w in row.get("walled", []):

bench/drc_check.sh

@@ -1,67 +0,0 @@
-#!/usr/bin/env bash
-# Route one KiCad board with freeroute and judge the result with KiCad's DRC.
-#
-#   bench/drc_check.sh [--keep] <board.kicad_pcb> <out-dir> [freeroute args...]
-#
-# Copies the board (and its .kicad_pro) into <out-dir>, strips its tracks and
-# vias unless --keep is given (then they reach the router as fixed wiring),
-# exports the DSN through mckicad, routes, applies the session, and runs DRC
-# with zones refilled at every severity. Prints one line: time, copper added,
-# shorts, opens, hole problems (whatever severity the board gives them) and
-# the other errors. The source board is never touched.
-#
-# FREEROUTE (default: this checkout's .venv/bin/freeroute) and MCK (default
-# ~/claude/mckicad) pick the builds to judge.
-set -euo pipefail
-keep=0
-if [[ "${1:-}" == "--keep" ]]; then keep=1; shift; fi
-src="$1"; out="$2"; shift 2
-here="$(cd "$(dirname "$0")/.." && pwd)"
-FREEROUTE="${FREEROUTE:-$here/.venv/bin/freeroute}"
-MCK="${MCK:-$HOME/claude/mckicad}"
-rm -rf "$out"; mkdir -p "$out"
-cp "${src%.kicad_pcb}.kicad_pro" "$out/board.kicad_pro" 2>/dev/null || true
-
-if [[ $keep == 1 ]]; then
-    cp "$src" "$out/board.kicad_pcb"
-else
-    (cd "$MCK" && uv run --no-sync python - "$src" "$out/board.kicad_pcb" <<'EOF'
-import sys
-from mckicad.utils.sexp_tree import parse
-text = open(sys.argv[1]).read()
-spans = sorted((c.span for c in parse(text).children if c.tag in ("segment", "arc", "via")), reverse=True)
-for a, b in spans:
-    text = text[:a] + text[b:]
-open(sys.argv[2], "w").write(text)
-EOF
-    )
-fi
-
-(cd "$MCK" && uv run --no-sync python -c "
-from mckicad.utils.freerouting import FreeRoutingEngine
-assert FreeRoutingEngine().export_dsn_from_kicad('$out/board.kicad_pcb', '$out/board.dsn', {})") \
-    >/dev/null 2>&1 || { echo "$out: DSN export failed"; exit 1; }
-
-start=$(date +%s.%N)
-"$FREEROUTE" "$out/board.dsn" -do "$out/board.ses" "$@" >"$out/route.log" 2>&1 || true
-secs=$(python3 -c "print(round($(date +%s.%N)-$start,1))")
-[[ -s "$out/board.ses" ]] || { echo "$out: no session ($(tail -1 "$out/route.log"))"; exit 1; }
-
-(cd "$MCK" && uv run --no-sync python -c "
-from mckicad.utils.ses_apply import apply_ses_to_board as a
-r = a('$out/board.kicad_pcb', '$out/board.ses', '$out/board.kicad_pcb')
-print(r['segments_added'], r['vias_added'])" 2>/dev/null) >"$out/apply.txt"
-
-kicad-cli pcb drc --refill-zones --format json --severity-all \
-    -o "$out/drc.json" "$out/board.kicad_pcb" >/dev/null 2>&1 || true
-python3 - "$out" "$secs" <<'EOF'
-import collections, json, sys
-out, secs = sys.argv[1:]
-seg, via = open(f"{out}/apply.txt").read().split()
-d = json.load(open(f"{out}/drc.json"))
-errors = collections.Counter(v["type"] for v in d["violations"] if v.get("severity") == "error")
-other = collections.Counter(v["type"] for v in d["violations"] if v.get("severity") != "error")
-holes = {k: errors.pop(k, 0) + other.get(k, 0) for k in ("holes_co_located", "hole_to_hole")}
-print(f"{out}: {secs}s  {seg} seg {via} via  shorts {errors.pop('shorting_items', 0)}  "
-      f"opens {len(d.get('unconnected_items', []))}  holes {holes}  errors {dict(errors)}")
-EOF

src/freeroute/board/build.py

@@ -12,10 +12,9 @@ model. It mirrors what FreeRouting's ``Structure.create_board`` / ``Library`` /
 * padstacks x placement -> :class:`Pin` items
 * keepouts -> :class:`ObstacleArea` items
 
-Pad geometry: a rectangle pad becomes an exact :class:`IntBox`; a circle pad a
+Pad geometry: a rectangle pad becomes an exact :class:`IntBox`; a circle pad its
-16-sided :class:`Simplex` drawn just outside it (its corners stand out by 2% of
+bounding box (documented approximation pending an exact circle tile); a convex
-the radius, where the bounding box's stood out by 41%); a convex polygon pad an
+polygon pad an exact :class:`Simplex`. Every pad is placed centred on its pin
-exact :class:`Simplex`. Every pad is placed centred on its pin
 location, so it contains that location by construction. Component rotation is
 applied to the pin position; the pad tile itself is not rotated (irrelevant to
 the containment invariant, and pads are centre-symmetric in practice).
@@ -250,7 +249,7 @@ def _placed_pad_tile(shape: Shape, place, dsn_pin, transform: CoordinateTransfor
         r = round(transform.dsn_to_board(shape.diameter / 2))
         cx = round(transform.dsn_to_board(centre.x))
         cy = round(transform.dsn_to_board(centre.y))
-        return _circle_tile(cx, cy, r)
+        return IntBox(cx - r, cy - r, cx + r, cy + r)
     if isinstance(shape, Rectangle):
         x0, y0, x1, y1 = shape.coords[:4]
         corners = [(x0, y0), (x1, y0), (x1, y1), (x0, y1)]
@@ -269,12 +268,8 @@ def _placed_pad_tile(shape: Shape, place, dsn_pin, transform: CoordinateTransfor
     for x, y in corners:
         p = _to_board_offset(place, x, y, dsn_pin.rotation)
         pts.append(IntPoint(round(transform.dsn_to_board(p.x)), round(transform.dsn_to_board(p.y))))
-    # An oval's padded corners are not in outline order, and a mirrored
+    if len(pts) >= 3:
-    # part reverses the winding: take the convex hull, then either winding.
+        simplex = Simplex.from_corners(pts)
-    hull = _convex_hull(pts)
-    if len(hull) >= 3:
-        for corners in (hull, hull[::-1]):
-            simplex = Simplex.from_corners(corners)
         if not simplex.is_empty():
             return simplex
     xs = [p.x for p in pts] or [0]
@@ -282,52 +277,6 @@ def _placed_pad_tile(shape: Shape, place, dsn_pin, transform: CoordinateTransfor
     return IntBox(min(xs), min(ys), max(xs), max(ys))
 
 
-_CIRCLE_SIDES = 16
-
-
-def _circle_tile(cx: int, cy: int, r: int):
-    """A polygon around the circle, every side touching it. A square around a
-    big round pad (a mounting hole) puts phantom copper in its corners that
-    blocks legal routes past it; this stays outside the circle, so the router
-    is still never closer than KiCad measures."""
-    if r < 8:
-        return IntBox(cx - r, cy - r, cx + r, cy + r)
-    reach = r / math.cos(math.pi / _CIRCLE_SIDES)
-    corners = []
-    for k in range(_CIRCLE_SIDES):
-        a = (k + 0.5) * 2 * math.pi / _CIRCLE_SIDES
-        dx, dy = reach * math.cos(a), reach * math.sin(a)
-        # round away from the centre so the polygon never cuts into the circle
-        corners.append(IntPoint(cx + math.copysign(math.ceil(abs(dx)), dx),
-                                cy + math.copysign(math.ceil(abs(dy)), dy)))
-    corners = [IntPoint(int(p.x), int(p.y)) for p in corners]
-    for winding in (corners, corners[::-1]):
-        simplex = Simplex.from_corners(winding)
-        if not simplex.is_empty():
-            return simplex
-    return IntBox(cx - r, cy - r, cx + r, cy + r)
-
-
-def _convex_hull(pts: list[IntPoint]) -> list[IntPoint]:
-    """The convex hull of ``pts`` counter-clockwise, collinear points dropped."""
-    ps = sorted({(p.x, p.y) for p in pts})
-    if len(ps) < 3:
-        return [IntPoint(x, y) for x, y in ps]
-
-    def cross(o, a, b):
-        return (a[0] - o[0]) * (b[1] - o[1]) - (a[1] - o[1]) * (b[0] - o[0])
-
-    def half(points):
-        out: list[tuple[int, int]] = []
-        for p in points:
-            while len(out) >= 2 and cross(out[-2], out[-1], p) <= 0:
-                out.pop()
-            out.append(p)
-        return out[:-1]
-
-    return [IntPoint(x, y) for x, y in half(ps) + half(ps[::-1])]
-
-
 def _pad_tile(shape: Shape, transform: CoordinateTransform):
     """A board-relative pad tile from a DSN padstack shape (centred near origin)."""
     if isinstance(shape, Rectangle):
@@ -337,7 +286,7 @@ def _pad_tile(shape: Shape, transform: CoordinateTransform):
         r = round(transform.dsn_to_board(shape.diameter / 2))
         cx = round(transform.dsn_to_board(shape.center_x))
         cy = round(transform.dsn_to_board(shape.center_y))
-        return _circle_tile(cx, cy, r)
+        return IntBox(cx - r, cy - r, cx + r, cy + r)  # bounding-box approximation
     if isinstance(shape, (Polygon, Path)):
         coords = shape.coords
         pts = [

src/freeroute/board/items.py

@@ -119,6 +119,8 @@ class Via(Item):
     shape: object = None
     #: drill diameter in board units, when the padstack name gives it
     drill: int = 0
+    #: placed by the router's fan-out, not on the board yet: written out
+    generated: bool = False
 
 
 @dataclass
@@ -132,6 +134,8 @@ class Trace(Item):
     layer: int = 0
     half_width: int = 0
     corners: list[IntPoint] = field(default_factory=list)
+    #: placed by the router's fan-out, not on the board yet: written out
+    generated: bool = False
 
     def is_empty(self) -> bool:
         return len(self.corners) < 2

src/freeroute/board/search_tree.py

@@ -188,8 +188,6 @@ class ShapeSearchTree:
         overlap). Static pad-vs-pad spacing in the source design is not counted.
         """
         for shape in self.all_shapes():
-            if not shape.routed:
-                continue  # a pair with routed copper is checked from that side
             expanded = shape.tile.offset(clearance)
             grown = None  # exact clearance region, built lazily only for diagonals
             for other in self.overlapping(expanded):

src/freeroute/cli.py

@@ -30,8 +30,11 @@ from freeroute.ses import write_ses
 #: which optional flags each engine actually implements. Anything not listed for
 #: an engine is rejected by :func:`_validate` rather than quietly ignored.
 ENGINE_OPTIONS: dict[str, frozenset[str]] = {
-    "grid": frozenset({"rip_up", "max_passes", "seed", "orders", "promote", "access", "rollback"}),
+    "grid": frozenset({"rip_up", "max_passes", "seed", "orders", "promote", "access", "rollback", "fanout"}),
-    "exact": frozenset({"shove", "diagonal", "rip_up", "max_passes", "seed", "orders", "promote", "access", "rollback"}),
+    "exact": frozenset(
+        {"shove", "diagonal", "rip_up", "max_passes", "seed", "orders", "promote", "access",
+         "rollback", "fanout"}
+    ),
     "room": frozenset({"shove", "pack"}),
 }
 
@@ -47,6 +50,7 @@ _FLAG_NAMES = {
     "promote": "--promote-failures",
     "access": "--access-cost",
     "rollback": "--no-rollback",
+    "fanout": "--fanout",
 }
 
 
@@ -183,6 +187,22 @@ def build_parser() -> argparse.ArgumentParser:
         help="grid and exact engines: least distance between the edges of any two via "
         "holes, of one net or two (KiCad's min_hole_to_hole; default 0.25)",
     )
+    parser.add_argument(
+        "--fanout",
+        nargs="?",
+        const="all",
+        choices=["all", "supply"],
+        help="grid and exact engines: before routing, give every fine-pitch pin a stub "
+        "outward past its pad row (and a via to its plane, for a plane net), committed "
+        "as copper so later routes cannot wall it in; --fanout supply: plane pins only",
+    )
+    parser.add_argument(
+        "--fanout-min-pins",
+        type=int,
+        default=32,
+        metavar="N",
+        help="with --fanout: fan out only packages with at least N fine-pitch pins (default 32)",
+    )
     parser.add_argument(
         "--jobs",
         type=int,
@@ -213,6 +233,7 @@ def main(argv: list[str] | None = None) -> int:
             ("promote", args.promote_failures is not None),
             ("access", args.access_cost is not None),
             ("rollback", not args.rollback),
+            ("fanout", bool(args.fanout)),
         )
         if asked
     ]
@@ -248,6 +269,8 @@ def main(argv: list[str] | None = None) -> int:
             "heuristic_weight": args.heuristic_weight,
             "access_cost": args.access_cost or 0.0,
             "hole_to_hole_mm": args.hole_to_hole,
+            "fanout": args.fanout or False,
+            "fanout_min_pins": args.fanout_min_pins,
             "rollback": args.rollback,
         }
     elif args.engine == "grid":
@@ -259,6 +282,8 @@ def main(argv: list[str] | None = None) -> int:
             "resolution": 1 if args.grid_resolution is None else args.grid_resolution,
             "access_cost": args.access_cost or 0.0,
             "hole_to_hole_mm": args.hole_to_hole,
+            "fanout": args.fanout or False,
+            "fanout_min_pins": args.fanout_min_pins,
             "rollback": args.rollback,
         }
     if args.engine == "room":

src/freeroute/route/exact_router.py

@@ -38,7 +38,6 @@ from freeroute.geometry import (
     IntPoint,
     Polyline,
     PolylineShape,
-    Simplex,
     segment_box,
     segment_octagon,
     shove_segment,
@@ -155,9 +154,7 @@ def route_board_exact(
         net = pin.net_nos[0] if pin.net_nos else -1
         pin_layers = frozenset(layer for layer in pin.layers if layer in signal_layers)
         if pin_layers:
-            # a rotated pad is checked against its outline, not its box
+            tree.insert(TreeShape(next(owner), net, pin_layers, box))
-            exact = pin.shape if _is_rotated(pin.shape) else None
-            tree.insert(TreeShape(next(owner), net, pin_layers, box, exact=exact))
     for net, copper_layers, box in board.get_fixed_copper():
         on = frozenset(layer for layer in copper_layers if layer in signal_layers)
         if on and not box.is_empty():
@@ -670,10 +667,6 @@ def _copper_boxes(wires, vias, half_width, via_layers, via_half=None):
     return boxes
 
 
-def _is_rotated(shape) -> bool:
-    return isinstance(shape, Simplex) and not shape.is_int_box()
-
-
 def _net_pins(board: BasicBoard, net_no: int, signal_layers) -> list[Pin]:
     return [
         pin

src/freeroute/route/fanout.py

@@ -0,0 +1,229 @@
+"""Fan out fine-pitch pins before routing: commit each pin's way out as copper.
+
+On a dense board the pins of a fine-pitch package get walled in: their own
+neighbours' pads on either side, and other nets' copper that got there first
+across the only way out. Reserving the way out did not help (the reserved
+cells still had to be routed, and lost to congestion there); committing it
+does, which is what a person does by hand.
+
+Each fine-pitch pin of a perimeter package (QFP, QFN, LGA: pads on the edge,
+none inside) gets a straight stub outward, perpendicular to its side of the
+package, just past its pad row. A pin whose net has an inner plane also gets
+a via at the stub's end, staggered between neighbouring pins so their holes
+keep their spacing, and so reaches the plane with nothing left to route.
+Every stub and via is checked exactly against pads, keepouts, the board edge,
+copper already on the board and earlier fan-out, and left out where it would
+not fit. The result goes on the board as fixed copper of its net (marked
+``generated``), so the router starts from the stub's end or the via, and the
+session writes it out with the routes.
+"""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+from dataclasses import dataclass
+import math
+
+from freeroute.board.board import BasicBoard
+from freeroute.board.items import Pin, Trace, Via
+from freeroute.geometry import IntBox, IntPoint
+from freeroute.geometry.polyline import Polyline, PolylineShape, corner_box
+
+# a package is fanned out when it has this many pins and they are this close
+_MIN_PINS = 8
+_FINE_PITCH_FACTOR = 1.2  # neighbour centres within this many (trace + 2 clearance)
+
+
+@dataclass
+class FanoutRules:
+    trace_width: int
+    clearance: int
+    via_half: int
+    via_drill: int
+    hole_to_hole: int
+    edge_clearance: int
+    signal_layers: list[int]
+    via_padstack: str
+    #: smallest package fanned out (a big dense part is where pins get walled in)
+    min_pins: int = 32
+    #: fan out plane pins only (a stub and a via each), as a person would first
+    supply_only: bool = False
+
+
+def plan_fanout(board: BasicBoard, rules: FanoutRules) -> list:
+    """The stubs and vias to put on the board before routing."""
+    half = max(rules.trace_width // 2, 1)
+    # a net may have several plane zones (a main plane and an island)
+    planes: dict[int, list] = {}
+    for z in board.get_conduction_areas():
+        if z.net_nos and not board.layer_structure.arr[z.layer].is_signal:
+            planes.setdefault(z.net_nos[0], []).append(z)
+    # copper pours on the routing layers, by net: a pad inside one is joined
+    # by the fill, and a stub there would take the room its thermal spokes need
+    pours: dict[int, list] = {}
+    for z in board.get_conduction_areas():
+        if z.net_nos and board.layer_structure.arr[z.layer].is_signal:
+            pours.setdefault(z.net_nos[0], []).append(z)
+    placed = _Placed(board, rules)
+    by_net: dict[int, list[Pin]] = {}
+    for pin in board.get_pins():
+        for n in pin.net_nos:
+            by_net.setdefault(n, []).append(pin)
+    items: list = []
+    pitch = 2 * rules.via_half + rules.hole_to_hole
+    for pins in _packages(board, rules).values():
+        centre = IntPoint(
+            sum(p.location.x for p in pins) // len(pins), sum(p.location.y for p in pins) // len(pins)
+        )
+        for k, pin in enumerate(sorted(pins, key=lambda p: (p.location.x, p.location.y))):
+            net = pin.net_nos[0] if pin.net_nos else None
+            if net is None:
+                continue
+            layer = next(layer for layer in pin.layers if layer in rules.signal_layers)
+            if any(z.layer == layer and z.polygon is not None and z.polygon.contains(pin.location)
+                   for z in pours.get(net, [])):
+                continue  # the pour joins it
+            direction = _outward(pin.location, centre)
+            reach = _pad_reach(pin, direction) + rules.clearance + half + rules.trace_width
+            end = _step(pin.location, direction, reach)
+            plane = planes.get(net)
+            partners = [q for q in by_net.get(net, []) if q is not pin]
+            # a signal whose other pins are all on other layers has to change
+            # layer somewhere: do it at the stub's end, away from the pads
+            elsewhere = bool(partners) and all(layer not in q.layers for q in partners)
+            if plane is None and (rules.supply_only or not elsewhere):
+                if not rules.supply_only and placed.stub_fits(pin.location, end, layer, net, half):
+                    items.append(placed.add_stub(pin.location, end, layer, net, half))
+                continue
+            # stagger the via of every other pin along the side outward
+            options = [reach + rules.via_half + rules.clearance + (k % 2) * pitch,
+                       reach + rules.via_half + rules.clearance + ((k + 1) % 2) * pitch]
+            for d in options:
+                at = _step(pin.location, direction, d)
+                if plane is not None and not any(
+                    z.polygon is not None and z.polygon.contains(at) for z in plane
+                ):
+                    continue
+                if placed.stub_fits(pin.location, at, layer, net, half) and placed.via_fits(at, net):
+                    items.append(placed.add_stub(pin.location, at, layer, net, half))
+                    items.append(placed.add_via(at, net))
+                    break
+    return items
+
+
+def _packages(board: BasicBoard, rules: FanoutRules) -> dict[str, list[Pin]]:
+    """Fine-pitch perimeter packages: many single-layer pins, close together."""
+    by_ref: dict[str, list[Pin]] = {}
+    for pin in board.get_pins():
+        if pin.shape is None or not pin.component_ref:
+            continue
+        on = [layer for layer in pin.layers if layer in rules.signal_layers]
+        if len(on) != 1:
+            continue  # through-hole pins change layer for free
+        by_ref.setdefault(pin.component_ref, []).append(pin)
+    fine = _FINE_PITCH_FACTOR * (rules.trace_width + 2 * rules.clearance)
+    out = {}
+    for ref, pins in by_ref.items():
+        if len(pins) < max(rules.min_pins, _MIN_PINS):
+            continue
+        close = sum(
+            1 for p in pins
+            if min(math.hypot(p.location.x - q.location.x, p.location.y - q.location.y)
+                   for q in pins if q is not p) < fine * 2
+        )
+        if close >= len(pins) // 2:
+            out[ref] = pins
+    return out
+
+
+def _outward(point: IntPoint, centre: IntPoint) -> tuple[int, int]:
+    """Away from the package centre, along the nearer axis (its side's normal)."""
+    dx, dy = point.x - centre.x, point.y - centre.y
+    if abs(dx) >= abs(dy):
+        return (1 if dx >= 0 else -1, 0)
+    return (0, 1 if dy >= 0 else -1)
+
+
+def _pad_reach(pin: Pin, direction: tuple[int, int]) -> int:
+    """How far the pad reaches from its centre in ``direction``."""
+    box = pin.shape.bounding_box()
+    if direction[0] > 0:
+        return box.ur.x - pin.location.x
+    if direction[0] < 0:
+        return pin.location.x - box.ll.x
+    if direction[1] > 0:
+        return box.ur.y - pin.location.y
+    return pin.location.y - box.ll.y
+
+
+def _step(point: IntPoint, direction: tuple[int, int], distance: float) -> IntPoint:
+    return IntPoint(point.x + round(direction[0] * distance), point.y + round(direction[1] * distance))
+
+
+class _Placed:
+    """Copper a fan-out stub or via has to clear, growing as fan-out is placed."""
+
+    def __init__(self, board: BasicBoard, rules: FanoutRules) -> None:
+        self.board, self.rules = board, rules
+        self.copper: list[tuple[IntBox, frozenset[int], int]] = []  # box, layers, net
+        for pin in board.get_pins():
+            if pin.shape is not None:
+                net = pin.net_nos[0] if pin.net_nos else -1
+                self.copper.append((pin.shape.bounding_box(), frozenset(pin.layers), net))
+        for net, layers, box in board.get_fixed_copper():
+            self.copper.append((box, layers, net))
+        self.keepouts = [
+            (tile.bounding_box(), o.layer, o.blocks_wires, o.blocks_vias, o.clearance)
+            for o in board.get_obstacle_areas() for tile in o.tiles
+        ]
+        self.holes: list[tuple[IntPoint, int]] = []  # centre, radius
+        for item in board.get_items():
+            if isinstance(item, Via) and item.fixed:
+                self.holes.append((item.location, (item.drill or rules.via_drill) // 2))
+        for pin in board.get_pins():
+            if pin.shape is not None and sum(1 for layer in pin.layers if layer in rules.signal_layers) > 1:
+                b = pin.shape.bounding_box()
+                self.holes.append((pin.location, min(b.ur.x - b.ll.x, b.ur.y - b.ll.y) // 2))
+
+    def _clear(self, box: IntBox, layers: frozenset[int], net: int, kind: str) -> bool:
+        grown = box.offset(self.rules.clearance)
+        for other, other_layers, other_net in self.copper:
+            if other_net != net and layers & other_layers and other.overlaps(grown):
+                return False
+        for kbox, klayer, wires, vias, needs in self.keepouts:
+            if klayer not in layers or not (wires if kind == "wire" else vias):
+                continue
+            if kbox.overlaps(grown if needs else box):
+                return False
+        outline = self.board.outline
+        return outline is None or outline.box_clear(box, self.rules.edge_clearance)
+
+    def stub_fits(self, a: IntPoint, b: IntPoint, layer: int, net: int, half: int) -> bool:
+        boxes = list(PolylineShape(Polyline([a, b]), half).tiles()) + [corner_box(b, half)]
+        return all(self._clear(box, frozenset({layer}), net, "wire") for box in boxes)
+
+    def via_fits(self, at: IntPoint, net: int) -> bool:
+        h = self.rules.via_half
+        box = IntBox(at.x - h, at.y - h, at.x + h, at.y + h)
+        if not self._clear(box, frozenset(self.rules.signal_layers), net, "via"):
+            return False
+        mine = self.rules.via_drill // 2
+        return all(
+            math.hypot(c.x - at.x, c.y - at.y) >= mine + r + self.rules.hole_to_hole
+            for c, r in self.holes
+        )
+
+    def add_stub(self, a: IntPoint, b: IntPoint, layer: int, net: int, half: int) -> Trace:
+        for box in list(PolylineShape(Polyline([a, b]), half).tiles()) + [corner_box(b, half)]:
+            self.copper.append((box, frozenset({layer}), net))
+        return Trace(net_nos=[net], fixed=True, layer=layer, half_width=half, corners=[a, b],
+                     generated=True)
+
+    def add_via(self, at: IntPoint, net: int) -> Via:
+        h = self.rules.via_half
+        box = IntBox(at.x - h, at.y - h, at.x + h, at.y + h)
+        layers = list(self.rules.signal_layers)
+        self.copper.append((box, frozenset(layers), net))
+        self.holes.append((at, self.rules.via_drill // 2))
+        return Via(net_nos=[net], fixed=True, padstack_name=self.rules.via_padstack,
+                   location=at, layers=layers, shape=box, drill=self.rules.via_drill,
+                   generated=True)

src/freeroute/route/grid_router.py

@@ -27,14 +27,12 @@ DRC-clean geometry, and blind/buried via spans.
 from __future__ import annotations
 
 import heapq
-import itertools
 import math
 import random
 
 from freeroute.board.board import BasicBoard
 from freeroute.board.items import ConductionArea, ObstacleArea, Pin, Via
-from freeroute.geometry import IntBox, IntPoint, Simplex
+from freeroute.geometry import IntBox, IntPoint
-from freeroute.geometry.octagon import overlaps_2d
 from freeroute.geometry.polyline import corner_box
 
 __all__ = ["GridRouter", "RouteResult", "route_board"]
@@ -125,7 +123,6 @@ class _Connection:
         "path",
         "narrow",
         "half",
-        "stubs",
     )
 
     def __init__(self, index: int, net_no: int, a: Pin, b: Pin) -> None:
@@ -141,8 +138,6 @@ class _Connection:
         self.via_cells: list[Cell] = []
         self.via_halo: list[Cell] = []
         self.halo_nodes: list[Node] = []
-        # each end's stub: its layer, its copper tiles, and the nodes it claims
-        self.stubs: list[tuple[int, list[IntBox], set[Node]]] = []
         # the pins and zones each end may use, and which pin the route ended
         # on (None when it ended on a zone)
         self.a_group: tuple[list[Pin], list] = ([a], [])
@@ -234,7 +229,7 @@ class GridRouter:
             (dx, dy)
             for dx in range(-reach, reach + 1)
             for dy in range(-reach, reach + 1)
-            if (dx or dy) and max(abs(dx), abs(dy)) * self.step < need
+            if (dx or dy) and math.hypot(dx, dy) * self.step < need
         ]
         # A via's copper is wider than a trace. Another net's trace needs its
         # centre via_half + clearance + half_width from the via's centre, so a
@@ -300,9 +295,6 @@ class GridRouter:
         # per-connection occupancy (owner = connection index)
         self._cell_owner: dict[Node, int] = {}
         self._via_owner: dict[Cell, int] = {}
-        # every connection whose via covers a cell, in claim order: a via two
-        # connections share still blocks after the first of them is ripped
-        self._via_claims: dict[Cell, list[int]] = {}
         # trace halos: node -> indices of the connections claiming it
         self._halo: dict[Node, list[int]] = {}
         self._rasterize_obstacles()
@@ -383,19 +375,6 @@ class GridRouter:
             shape.contains(IntPoint(c.x + dx, c.y + dy)) for dx in (-h, h) for dy in (-h, h)
         )
 
-    def _pad_cells(self, shape, box: IntBox, margin: int):
-        """Cells where a trace square ``margin`` wide around the centre overlaps
-        the pad: its box when it is one, else its exact (rotated) outline,
-        which is what the exact engine checks against."""
-        cells = self._cells_in_box(box, margin)
-        if not isinstance(shape, Simplex) or shape.is_int_box():
-            yield from cells
-            return
-        for cell in cells:
-            c = self._cell_center(cell)
-            if overlaps_2d(shape, IntBox(c.x - margin, c.y - margin, c.x + margin, c.y + margin)):
-                yield cell
-
     def _rasterize_obstacles(self) -> None:
         margin = self.clearance + self.half_width
         outline = self.board.outline
@@ -421,7 +400,7 @@ class GridRouter:
                     continue
                 net = item.net_nos[0] if item.net_nos else 0
                 pin_layers = [layer for layer in item.layers if layer in self.layers]
-                for cell in self._pad_cells(item.shape, box, margin):
+                for cell in self._cells_in_box(box, margin):
                     for layer in pin_layers:
                         self._pad_block.setdefault((*cell, layer), set()).add(net)
                 # Copper of the pin's own net: a trace inside it adds nothing,
@@ -610,19 +589,18 @@ class GridRouter:
         return self.half_width if conn.narrow else self._net_half.get(conn.net_no, self.half_width)
 
     def _spread_for(self, half: int) -> list[tuple[int, int]]:
-        """Cells a trace of ``half`` also needs free: every cell out to its
+        """Cells a trace of ``half`` also needs free: those whose centre is
-        extra half width, rounded up to whole cells. Blocks, halos and via
+        within its extra half width (plus half a cell, for the grid)."""
-        footprints are sized for a default-width trace, and copper is checked
-        as boxes, so anything within that square could be too close."""
         extra = half - self.half_width
         if extra <= 0:
             return []
-        reach = math.ceil(extra / self.step)
+        reach = math.ceil(extra / self.step) + 1
+        limit = extra + self.step / 2
         return [
             (dx, dy)
             for dx in range(-reach, reach + 1)
             for dy in range(-reach, reach + 1)
-            if dx or dy
+            if (dx or dy) and math.hypot(dx, dy) * self.step <= limit
         ]
 
     def _halo_for(self, half: int) -> list[tuple[int, int]]:
@@ -635,7 +613,7 @@ class GridRouter:
                 (dx, dy)
                 for dx in range(-reach, reach + 1)
                 for dy in range(-reach, reach + 1)
-                if (dx or dy) and max(abs(dx), abs(dy)) * self.step < need
+                if (dx or dy) and math.hypot(dx, dy) * self.step < need
             ]
         return offsets
 
@@ -656,8 +634,8 @@ class GridRouter:
         if not conn.b_group[0] and any(z.layer in self._power_layers for z in conn.b_group[1]):
             # the plane is everywhere: aim at where the route starts instead
             goal_cell = self._group_target(conn.a_group)
-        starts = self._group_ends(conn.a_group, conn.net_no, conns, allow_ripup)
+        starts = self._group_ends(conn.a_group, conn.net_no, conns)
-        goals = self._group_ends(conn.b_group, conn.net_no, conns, allow_ripup)
+        goals = self._group_ends(conn.b_group, conn.net_no, conns)
         if not starts or not goals:
             return None
         # A start that is already an end joins at once, except that ending on
@@ -678,19 +656,10 @@ class GridRouter:
         came_from: dict[Node, Node] = {}
         # a stub costs its length, so the nearest cell wins unless it is blocked
         # a pin end costs its stub; a zone or plane end is entered normally
-        # (and in rip-up mode the rip penalty of whatever lies on it)
+        goal_stub = {n: self._stub_cost(p, n) for n, p in goals.items() if isinstance(p, Pin)}
-        goal_stub = {
-            n: self._stub_cost(p, n) + self._end_penalty(p, n, net_no, allow_ripup, conns)
-            for n, p in goals.items()
-            if isinstance(p, Pin)
-        }
         for s in sorted(starts):
             pin = starts[s]
-            g_score[s] = (
+            g_score[s] = self._stub_cost(pin, s) if isinstance(pin, Pin) else 0.0
-                self._stub_cost(pin, s) + self._end_penalty(pin, s, net_no, allow_ripup, conns)
-                if isinstance(pin, Pin)
-                else 0.0
-            )
             heapq.heappush(open_heap, (g_score[s] + self._h(s, goal_cell), s))
 
         # Via footprints are checked lazily: a layer change goes on the heap as
@@ -821,52 +790,24 @@ class GridRouter:
             math.hypot(loc.x - point.x, loc.y - point.y) < reach for loc, reach in self._tht_holes
         )
 
-    def _stub_points(self, pin_location: IntPoint, cell: Cell) -> list[IntPoint]:
-        """The stub's corners, from the pin to its cell centre.
-
-        The direct segment is fine for 45-degree routing. Orthogonal routing
-        leaves the pin straight along the axis it is further off the cell on
-        and jogs across to the centre at the end: an L of two flush boxes,
-        which is what the exact check sees. A single slanted segment is
-        checked as its bounding box there, and a 1 mm trace to a column
-        0.1 mm off a 1.27 mm pitch pin's centreline then lands inside the
-        clearance of the pad next door, though the straight exit clears it.
-        """
-        end = self._cell_center(cell)
-        dx, dy = end.x - pin_location.x, end.y - pin_location.y
-        if not self._orthogonal or dx == 0 or dy == 0:
-            return [pin_location, end]
-        if abs(dx) >= abs(dy):
-            return [pin_location, IntPoint(end.x, pin_location.y), end]
-        return [pin_location, IntPoint(pin_location.x, end.y), end]
-
     def _stub_cells(self, pin_location: IntPoint, cell: Cell, half: int | None = None) -> list[Cell]:
         """Cells where another net's trace would come too close to the stub."""
         from freeroute.board.outline import _point_segment
 
-        points = self._stub_points(pin_location, cell)
+        end = self._cell_center(cell)
-        end = points[-1]
         reach = (half or self._cur_half) + self.half_width + self.clearance
         box = IntBox(
             min(pin_location.x, end.x), min(pin_location.y, end.y),
             max(pin_location.x, end.x), max(pin_location.y, end.y),
         )
-        legs = list(zip(points, points[1:], strict=False))
         return [
             c
             for c in self._cells_in_box(box, reach)
-            if min(_point_segment(self._cell_center(c), a, b) for a, b in legs) < reach
+            if _point_segment(self._cell_center(c), pin_location, end) < reach
         ]
 
     def _stub_clear(
-        self,
+        self, pin: Pin, cell: Cell, layer: int, net_no: int, conns, keepouts_only: bool = False
-        pin: Pin,
-        cell: Cell,
-        layer: int,
-        net_no: int,
-        conns,
-        keepouts_only: bool = False,
-        allow_ripup: bool = False,
     ) -> bool:
         keepouts = self._keepout_boxes.get(layer)
         if keepouts:
@@ -874,9 +815,9 @@ class GridRouter:
             # engine will: its copper grown by clearance must miss every keepout
             from freeroute.geometry.polyline import Polyline, PolylineShape
 
-            points = self._stub_points(pin.location, cell)
+            end = self._cell_center(cell)
-            if points[-1] != pin.location:
+            if end != pin.location:
-                for tile in PolylineShape(Polyline(points), self._cur_half).tiles():
+                for tile in PolylineShape(Polyline([pin.location, end]), self._cur_half).tiles():
                     grown = tile.offset(self.clearance)
                     if any(k.overlaps(grown if needs else tile) for k, needs in keepouts):
                         return False
@@ -886,60 +827,14 @@ class GridRouter:
                     return False
         if keepouts_only:
             return True
-        owners = self._stub_owners(pin, cell, layer, net_no, conns)
+        for c in self._stub_cells(pin.location, cell):
-        # in rip-up mode a route on the stub is one more to rip, unless it may not be
+            owner = self._cell_owner.get((*c, layer))
-        return not owners or (
+            if owner is not None and conns[owner].net_no != net_no:
-            allow_ripup and all(conns[i].rip_count < self.rip_cap for i in owners)
+                return False
-        )
-
-    def _stub_tiles(self, pin_location: IntPoint, cell: Cell, half: int) -> list[IntBox]:
-        """The stub's copper: its legs, and a square at each corner and at the
-        cell end, where the route carries on."""
-        points = self._stub_points(pin_location, cell)
-        tiles = [corner_box(point, half) for point in points[1:]]
-        if len(points) > 1 and points[-1] != pin_location:
-            from freeroute.geometry.polyline import Polyline, PolylineShape
-
-            tiles += PolylineShape(Polyline(points), half).tiles()
-        return tiles
-
-    def _stub_owners(
-        self, pin: Pin, cell: Cell, layer: int, net_no: int, conns, half: int | None = None
-    ) -> set[int]:
-        """Other nets' routes whose copper the stub from ``pin`` to ``cell`` would touch."""
-        owners: set[int] = set()
-        grown = None
-        for c in self._stub_cells(pin.location, cell, half):
-            node = (*c, layer)
-            owner = self._cell_owner.get(node)
-            if owner is not None and conns[owner].net_no != net_no and owner not in owners:
-                # Both stubs are off the grid, and each claims the cells a
-                # trace centred there would crowd, so two stubs side by side
-                # (neighbouring pins leaving straight) overlap in claims well
-                # before their copper comes near. Check those exactly.
-                other = [tiles for lay, tiles, nodes in conns[owner].stubs if node in nodes]
-                if other:
-                    if grown is None:
-                        grown = [
-                            t.offset(self.clearance)
-                            for t in self._stub_tiles(pin.location, cell, half or self._cur_half)
-                        ]
-                    if not any(g.overlaps(t) for tiles in other for t in tiles for g in grown):
-                        continue
-                owners.add(owner)
             via_owner = self._via_owner.get(c)
             if via_owner is not None and conns[via_owner].net_no != net_no:
-                owners.add(via_owner)
+                return False
-        return owners
+        return True
-
-    def _end_penalty(self, pin: Pin, node: Node, net_no: int, allow_ripup: bool, conns) -> float:
-        """Rip-up cost of starting or ending on ``node``: the routes on its
-        cell and on the stub to it, each at the penalty entering it would cost."""
-        if not allow_ripup:
-            return 0.0
-        owners = self._stub_owners(pin, node[:2], node[2], net_no, conns)
-        owners |= self._crossed_owners([node], net_no, conns)
-        return sum(self.rip_penalty * (1 + conns[i].rip_count) for i in owners)
 
     def _zone_nodes(self, zone) -> list[Node]:
         """Cells of a zone where a via of this net fits inside its copper; for a
@@ -987,13 +882,11 @@ class GridRouter:
                 return zone.name or "zone"
         return ""
 
-    def _group_ends(
+    def _group_ends(self, group, net_no: int, conns) -> dict[Node, Pin | None]:
-        self, group, net_no: int, conns, allow_ripup: bool = False
-    ) -> dict[Node, Pin | None]:
         """End nodes of a group, each mapped to its pin (None for a zone cell)."""
         ends: dict[Node, Pin | None] = {}
         for pin in group[0]:
-            for node in sorted(self._end_nodes(pin, net_no, conns, allow_ripup)):
+            for node in sorted(self._end_nodes(pin, net_no, conns)):
                 ends.setdefault(node, pin)
         for zone in group[1]:
             plane = zone.layer in self._power_layers
@@ -1015,13 +908,10 @@ class GridRouter:
             return (dx + dy) / self.step
         return math.hypot(dx, dy) / self.step
 
-    def _end_nodes(self, pin: Pin, net_no: int, conns, allow_ripup: bool = False) -> set[Node]:
+    def _end_nodes(self, pin: Pin, net_no: int, conns) -> set[Node]:
         """Nodes a route may start or end on for ``pin``: the nearest cell and
         its neighbours, where the cell is enterable and the stub to it is clear.
-        A crowded fine-pitch pin gets more than one way out. In rip-up mode a
+        A crowded fine-pitch pin gets more than one way out."""
-        cell or stub another route is on counts as enterable, as it does
-        everywhere else, or a pin whose only way out another net has taken
-        could never have it back."""
         layers = [layer for layer in pin.layers if layer in self.layers]
         cx, cy = self._cell_of(pin.location)
         nodes: set[Node] = set()
@@ -1030,16 +920,16 @@ class GridRouter:
             if not (0 <= cell[0] < self.cols and 0 <= cell[1] < self.rows):
                 continue
             for layer in layers:
-                if (dx or dy) and self._enter_cost(cell, layer, net_no, allow_ripup, conns) is None:
+                if (dx or dy) and self._enter_cost(cell, layer, net_no, False, conns) is None:
                     continue
-                if self._stub_clear(pin, cell, layer, net_no, conns, allow_ripup=allow_ripup):
+                if self._stub_clear(pin, cell, layer, net_no, conns):
                     nodes.add((*cell, layer))
         # Also offer exact escape stubs: a fine-pitch pin's nearby cells can be
         # a pocket inside its own pad that leads nowhere (the grid columns miss
         # the narrow legal band past the pad tip). The stub's length is its
         # cost, so it is only taken where a short step would not do.
         if self._orthogonal and self._crowded(pin, net_no) and self._trapped(pin, net_no, nodes):
-            nodes |= self._escape_nodes(pin, net_no, conns, layers, (cx, cy), allow_ripup)
+            nodes |= self._escape_nodes(pin, net_no, conns, layers, (cx, cy))
         if not nodes:  # nothing clear: fall back to the nearest cell, as before
             nodes = {(cx, cy, layer) for layer in layers}
             if self._keepout_boxes and not any(
@@ -1105,16 +995,14 @@ class GridRouter:
         self._trapped_cache[key] = trapped
         return trapped
 
-    def _escape_nodes(
+    def _escape_nodes(self, pin: Pin, net_no: int, conns, layers, origin: Cell) -> set[Node]:
-        self, pin: Pin, net_no: int, conns, layers, origin: Cell, allow_ripup: bool = False
-    ) -> set[Node]:
         """For a pin walled in on the grid (a fine-pitch pin whose legal band
         the grid columns miss): look along each axis for the first open cell
-        whose stub from the pin clears every other net's pad by the full
+        whose straight stub from the pin clears every other net's pad by the
-        clearance, checked on the stub's copper tiles as the exact engine
+        full margin, measured exactly rather than on the grid."""
-        will rather than on the grid."""
+        from freeroute.board.outline import _segment_box
-        from freeroute.geometry.polyline import Polyline, PolylineShape
 
+        margin = self.half_width + self.clearance
         reach = self._escape_cells
         near = [
             (p.shape.bounding_box(), set(p.layers))
@@ -1126,33 +1014,24 @@ class GridRouter:
         ]
         cx, cy = origin
         nodes: set[Node] = set()
-        # the pin's own column or row and the one either side: two pins side
+        for dx, dy in _NEIGHBOURS[:4]:
-        # by side can then jog apart at the end of their straight exits
-        for (dx, dy), side in itertools.product(_NEIGHBOURS[:4], (0, -1, 1)):
-            sx, sy = (side, 0) if dx == 0 else (0, side)
-            nodes_before = len(nodes)
             for k in range(2, reach + 1):
-                cell = (cx + dx * k + sx, cy + dy * k + sy)
+                cell = (cx + dx * k, cy + dy * k)
                 if not (0 <= cell[0] < self.cols and 0 <= cell[1] < self.rows):
                     break
-                grown = [
+                end = self._cell_center(cell)
-                    tile.offset(self.clearance)
-                    for tile in PolylineShape(
-                        Polyline(self._stub_points(pin.location, cell)), self._cur_half
-                    ).tiles()
-                ]
                 for layer in layers:
-                    if self._enter_cost(cell, layer, net_no, allow_ripup, conns) is None:
+                    if self._enter_cost(cell, layer, net_no, False, conns) is None:
                         continue
                     if any(
-                        layer in box_layers and any(g.overlaps(box) for g in grown)
+                        layer in box_layers and _segment_box(pin.location, end, box) < margin
                         for box, box_layers in near
                     ):
                         continue
-                    if self._stub_clear(pin, cell, layer, net_no, conns, allow_ripup=allow_ripup):
+                    if self._stub_clear(pin, cell, layer, net_no, conns):
                         nodes.add((*cell, layer))
-                if len(nodes) > nodes_before:
+                if any(n[:2] == cell for n in nodes):
-                    break  # the first open cell along this line is enough
+                    break  # the first open cell along this axis is enough
         return nodes
 
     def _relax(self, current, nxt, tentative, goal_cell, g_score, came_from, open_heap):
@@ -1202,25 +1081,19 @@ class GridRouter:
         conn.via_halo = []
         for cell in conn.via_cells:
             for c in self._via_cells(cell):
-                claims = self._via_claims.setdefault(c, [])
+                if c not in self._via_owner:
-                if conn.index not in claims:
+                    self._via_owner[c] = conn.index
-                    claims.append(conn.index)
                     conn.via_halo.append(c)
-                self._via_owner.setdefault(c, conn.index)
         ends = ((conn.a_end, wire_segs[0], 0), (conn.b_end, wire_segs[-1], -1)) if wire_segs else ()
-        conn.stubs = []
         for pin, (layer, cells), at in ends:
             if not isinstance(pin, Pin):
                 continue  # ended on a zone or a plane: no stub
             cell = cells[at]
-            claimed: set[Node] = set()
             for c in self._stub_cells(pin.location, cell, half):
                 node = (*c, layer)
                 if node not in self._cell_owner:
                     self._cell_owner[node] = conn.index
                     conn.trace_cells.append((c, layer))
-                    claimed.add(node)
-            conn.stubs.append((layer, self._stub_tiles(pin.location, cell, half), claimed))
         # A pin inside a wire keepout can only leave by a via. Its stub to the
         # cell centre would be track inside the keepout, so the via goes on
         # the pin itself (a via in its own pad) and the stub is left out.
@@ -1238,9 +1111,9 @@ class GridRouter:
                 continue
             points = [self._cell_center(c) for c in cells]
             if idx == 0 and isinstance(conn.a_end, Pin):
-                points[0:0] = self._stub_points(conn.a_end.location, cells[0])[:-1]
+                points.insert(0, conn.a_end.location)
             if idx == len(wire_segs) - 1 and isinstance(conn.b_end, Pin):
-                points.extend(self._stub_points(conn.b_end.location, cells[-1])[-2::-1])
+                points.append(conn.b_end.location)
             points = _simplify(points)
             if len(points) >= 2:
                 conn.wires.append((layer, points))
@@ -1256,16 +1129,8 @@ class GridRouter:
             if self._cell_owner.get((*cell, layer)) == conn.index:
                 del self._cell_owner[(*cell, layer)]
         for cell in conn.via_halo:
-            claims = self._via_claims.get(cell)
-            if claims is not None and conn.index in claims:
-                claims.remove(conn.index)
             if self._via_owner.get(cell) == conn.index:
-                if claims:
-                    self._via_owner[cell] = claims[0]
-                else:
                 del self._via_owner[cell]
-            if claims is not None and not claims:
-                del self._via_claims[cell]
         conn.via_halo = []
         for node in conn.halo_nodes:
             claims = self._halo.get(node)
@@ -1275,7 +1140,6 @@ class GridRouter:
                     del self._halo[node]
         conn.halo_nodes = []
         conn.trace_cells = []
-        conn.stubs = []
         for cell in conn.via_cells:
             count = self._via_nets.get(cell)
             if count and count.get(conn.net_no):
@@ -1289,20 +1153,7 @@ class GridRouter:
         conn.rip_count += 1
         self._settle(conn, +1)
 
-    def _crossed_owners(
+    def _crossed_owners(self, path: list[Node], net_no: int, conns: list[_Connection]) -> set[int]:
-        self, path: list[Node], net_no: int, conns: list[_Connection], spread=None
-    ) -> set[int]:
-        """Connections whose copper or clearance ``path`` crosses; a trace
-        wider than the default crosses them on its ``spread`` cells too."""
-        spread = self._spread if spread is None else spread
-        if spread:
-            path = list(
-                dict.fromkeys(
-                    (x + dx, y + dy, layer)
-                    for x, y, layer in path
-                    for dx, dy in ((0, 0), *spread)
-                )
-            )
         owners: set[int] = set()
         for cx, cy, cl in path:
             owner = self._cell_owner.get((cx, cy, cl))
@@ -1421,16 +1272,7 @@ class GridRouter:
             path = self._search(conn, allow_ripup=True, conns=conns)
             if path is None:
                 return False
-            crossed = self._crossed_owners(
+            victims = [conns[i] for i in sorted(self._crossed_owners(path, conn.net_no, conns))]
-                path, conn.net_no, conns, self._spread_for(self._conn_half(conn))
-            )
-            # and the routes on the stubs from the pins to the path's ends
-            for end, node in ((conn.a_end, path[0]), (conn.b_end, path[-1])):
-                if isinstance(end, Pin):
-                    crossed |= self._stub_owners(
-                        end, node[:2], node[2], conn.net_no, conns, self._conn_half(conn)
-                    )
-            victims = [conns[i] for i in sorted(crossed)]
             if self.rollback:
                 return self._ripup_transaction(conn, path, victims, conns)
             for victim in victims:
@@ -1518,7 +1360,7 @@ class GridRouter:
                 elif isinstance(item, Trace) and not item.is_empty():
                     boxes = list(PolylineShape(Polyline(item.corners), item.half_width).tiles())
                     boxes += [corner_box(e, item.half_width) for e in (item.corners[0], item.corners[-1])]
-                    piece = _FixedPiece([item.layer], boxes)
+                    piece = _FixedPiece([item.layer], boxes, trace=item)
                 else:
                     continue
                 cache.setdefault(item.net_nos[0], []).append(piece)
@@ -1640,12 +1482,13 @@ def _fixed_joins_zone(piece, zone, plane: bool) -> bool:
 class _FixedPiece:
     """One track or via already on the board, as connectivity."""
 
-    __slots__ = ("layers", "boxes", "via")
+    __slots__ = ("layers", "boxes", "via", "trace")
 
-    def __init__(self, layers, boxes, via=None) -> None:
+    def __init__(self, layers, boxes, via=None, trace=None) -> None:
         self.layers = frozenset(layers)
         self.boxes = boxes
         self.via = via  # the Via item, for a via
+        self.trace = trace  # the Trace item, for a track
 
 
 def _connected_groups(
@@ -1706,11 +1549,28 @@ def _connected_groups(
         groups[root][1].append(zone)
     for k, piece in enumerate(fixed):
         root = find(base + k)
-        if piece.via is not None and root in groups:
+        if root not in groups:
+            continue
+        if piece.via is not None:
             groups[root][0].append(_via_end(piece.via))
+        elif piece.trace is not None:
+            # a track's ends are places a route may start: a fan-out stub's
+            # far end is outside the pad row the pin sat walled in by
+            for end in (piece.trace.corners[0], piece.trace.corners[-1]):
+                groups[root][0].append(_trace_end(piece.trace, end))
     return [groups[r] for r in order]
 
 
+def _trace_end(trace, end: IntPoint) -> Pin:
+    """An end of a fixed track as a place a route may start or end."""
+    from freeroute.geometry.polyline import corner_box
+
+    return Pin(
+        net_nos=list(trace.net_nos), fixed=True, name="track", component_ref="",
+        location=end, layers=[trace.layer], shape=corner_box(end, trace.half_width),
+    )
+
+
 def _via_end(via) -> Pin:
     """A fixed via as a place a route may start or end (not a pad to route)."""
     return Pin(

src/freeroute/route/pipeline.py

@@ -88,6 +88,42 @@ def _dsn_units_per_um(dsn: DsnBoard) -> float:
     return {"um": 1.0, "mm": 0.001, "mil": 1 / 25.4, "inch": 1 / 25400}.get(dsn.unit, 1.0)
 
 
+def _place_fanout(
+    board, dsn, scale, layers, width, clearance, edge, hole_to_hole_mm, mode=True, min_pins=32
+) -> None:
+    """Put the fan-out's stubs and vias on the board, before routing."""
+    from .fanout import FanoutRules, plan_fanout
+
+    via_half = _via_half_board(dsn, scale) or max(width // 2, 1)
+    rules = FanoutRules(
+        trace_width=width,
+        clearance=clearance,
+        via_half=via_half,
+        via_drill=_via_drill_board(dsn, scale) or 2 * via_half,
+        hole_to_hole=_mm_to_board(dsn, scale, hole_to_hole_mm) or 0,
+        edge_clearance=edge or 0,
+        signal_layers=layers or [i for i, layer in enumerate(dsn.layers) if layer.is_signal],
+        via_padstack=_via_padstack(dsn),
+        min_pins=min_pins,
+        supply_only=mode == "supply",
+    )
+    for item in plan_fanout(board, rules):
+        board.insert(item)
+
+
+def _add_generated(result, board) -> None:
+    """The fan-out's copper goes into the session with the routes."""
+    from freeroute.board.items import Trace, Via
+
+    for item in board.get_items():
+        if not getattr(item, "generated", False) or not item.net_nos:
+            continue
+        if isinstance(item, Trace):
+            result.add_wire(item.net_nos[0], item.layer, list(item.corners))
+        elif isinstance(item, Via):
+            result.add_via(item.net_nos[0], item.location)
+
+
 def _via_half_board(dsn: DsnBoard, scale: int) -> int | None:
     """Half the via pad's size in board units, from the DSN's via padstack.
 
@@ -119,6 +155,8 @@ def route_dsn_board(
     route_first: frozenset | None = None,
     access_cost: float = 0.0,
     hole_to_hole_mm: float = 0.25,
+    fanout: bool | str = False,
+    fanout_min_pins: int = 32,
     rollback: bool = True,
 ) -> tuple[RouteResult, int, list[str]]:
     """Route a parsed :class:`DsnBoard`; return the board-unit result, the scale,
@@ -130,6 +168,9 @@ def route_dsn_board(
     edge_clearance_board = _mm_to_board(dsn, scale, edge_clearance_mm)
     width_board = round(_rule_width_dsn(dsn) * scale)
     clearance_board = round(_rule_clearance_dsn(dsn) * scale)
+    if fanout:
+        _place_fanout(board, dsn, scale, layers, width_board, clearance_board,
+                      edge_clearance_board, hole_to_hole_mm, fanout, fanout_min_pins)
     result = route_board(
         board,
         resolution=resolution,
@@ -148,6 +189,7 @@ def route_dsn_board(
         via_drill=_via_drill_board(dsn, scale),
         hole_to_hole=_mm_to_board(dsn, scale, hole_to_hole_mm) or 0,
     )
+    _add_generated(result, board)
     return result, scale, [layer.name for layer in dsn.layers]
 
 
@@ -197,6 +239,8 @@ def build_routing_result(
     route_first: frozenset | None = None,
     access_cost: float = 0.0,
     hole_to_hole_mm: float = 0.25,
+    fanout: bool | str = False,
+    fanout_min_pins: int = 32,
     rollback: bool = True,
 ) -> RoutingResult:
     """Route ``dsn`` (grid track) and convert to a DSN-unit RoutingResult."""
@@ -206,6 +250,8 @@ def build_routing_result(
         route_first=route_first,
         access_cost=access_cost,
         hole_to_hole_mm=hole_to_hole_mm,
+        fanout=fanout,
+        fanout_min_pins=fanout_min_pins,
         rollback=rollback,
     )
     return _to_routing_result(route, dsn, scale, layer_names)
@@ -226,6 +272,8 @@ def route_dsn_board_exact(
     route_first: frozenset | None = None,
     access_cost: float = 0.0,
     hole_to_hole_mm: float = 0.25,
+    fanout: bool | str = False,
+    fanout_min_pins: int = 32,
     rollback: bool = True,
 ) -> tuple[ExactRouteResult, int, list[str]]:
     """Route a parsed :class:`DsnBoard` with the exact-geometry (orthogonal,
@@ -238,6 +286,9 @@ def route_dsn_board_exact(
     edge_clearance_board = _mm_to_board(dsn, scale, edge_clearance_mm)
     width_board = round(_rule_width_dsn(dsn) * scale)
     clearance_board = round(_rule_clearance_dsn(dsn) * scale)
+    if fanout:
+        _place_fanout(board, dsn, scale, layers, width_board, clearance_board,
+                      edge_clearance_board, hole_to_hole_mm, fanout, fanout_min_pins)
     exact = route_board_exact(
         board,
         resolution=resolution,
@@ -259,6 +310,7 @@ def route_dsn_board_exact(
         via_drill=_via_drill_board(dsn, scale),
         hole_to_hole=_mm_to_board(dsn, scale, hole_to_hole_mm) or 0,
     )
+    _add_generated(exact.result, board)
     return exact, scale, [layer.name for layer in dsn.layers]
 
 
@@ -277,6 +329,8 @@ def build_exact_routing_result(
     route_first: frozenset | None = None,
     access_cost: float = 0.0,
     hole_to_hole_mm: float = 0.25,
+    fanout: bool | str = False,
+    fanout_min_pins: int = 32,
     rollback: bool = True,
 ) -> RoutingResult:
     """Route ``dsn`` (exact track) and convert to a DSN-unit RoutingResult."""
@@ -294,6 +348,8 @@ def build_exact_routing_result(
         route_first=route_first,
         access_cost=access_cost,
         hole_to_hole_mm=hole_to_hole_mm,
+        fanout=fanout,
+        fanout_min_pins=fanout_min_pins,
         rollback=rollback,
     )
     return _to_routing_result(exact.result, dsn, scale, layer_names)

tests/route/test_fanout.py

@@ -0,0 +1,78 @@
+"""--fanout: fine-pitch pins get their way out committed before routing."""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+from freeroute.board import build_board
+from freeroute.board.items import Trace, Via
+from freeroute.dsn import parse_dsn
+from freeroute.route.fanout import FanoutRules, plan_fanout
+from freeroute.route.pipeline import route_dsn_board_exact
+
+# a 12-pad package, 3 pads a side at 0.5 mm pitch, over a GND plane on In1;
+# pad 1 (left side, top) is GND, the rest are signals to far connector pads
+_SIDES = {
+    "L": [(-2000, y, 0) for y in (500, 0, -500)],
+    "R": [(2000, y, 0) for y in (500, 0, -500)],
+    "T": [(x, 2000, 90) for x in (-500, 0, 500)],
+    "B": [(x, -2000, 90) for x in (-500, 0, 500)],
+}
+_PADS = [p for side in "LRTB" for p in _SIDES[side]]
+
+
+def _dsn():
+    pins = "\n      ".join(
+        f"(pin {'padv' if r else 'padh'} {i + 1} {x} {y})" for i, (x, y, r) in enumerate(_PADS)
+    )
+    far = " ".join(f"(place C{i} {3000 + 2000 * (i % 5)} {-12000 - 2000 * (i // 5)} front 0)" for i in range(11))
+    nets = "(net GND (pins U1-1))\n    " + "\n    ".join(f"(net S{i} (pins U1-{i + 2} C{i}-1))" for i in range(11))
+    return f"""(pcb pkg (parser) (resolution um 10) (unit um)
+  (structure
+    (layer F.Cu (type signal)) (layer In1.Cu (type power)) (layer In2.Cu (type power))
+    (layer B.Cu (type signal))
+    (boundary (path pcb 0  -15000 15000  25000 15000  25000 -25000  -15000 -25000  -15000 15000))
+    (plane GND (polygon In1.Cu 0  -14500 14500  24500 14500  24500 -24500  -14500 -24500  -14500 14500))
+    (via "Via[0-3]_450:200_um") (rule (width 150) (clearance 150)))
+  (placement (component Q (place U1 0 0 front 0)) (component P {far}))
+  (library
+    (image Q
+      {pins})
+    (image P (pin padc 1 0 0))
+    (padstack padh (shape (rect F.Cu -400 -125 400 125)) (attach off))
+    (padstack padv (shape (rect F.Cu -125 -400 125 400)) (attach off))
+    (padstack padc (shape (rect F.Cu -500 -500 500 500)) (attach off))
+    (padstack "Via[0-3]_450:200_um" (shape (circle F.Cu 450)) (shape (circle B.Cu 450)) (attach off)))
+  (network {nets}))"""
+
+
+def _rules(dsn):
+    s = dsn.resolution.value
+    return FanoutRules(trace_width=150 * s, clearance=150 * s, via_half=225 * s, via_drill=200 * s,
+                       hole_to_hole=250 * s, edge_clearance=0, signal_layers=[0, 3],
+                       via_padstack="Via[0-3]_450:200_um", min_pins=8)
+
+
+def test_every_pin_gets_a_stub_outward_past_its_pad():
+    dsn = parse_dsn(_dsn())
+    board = build_board(dsn)
+    items = plan_fanout(board, _rules(dsn))
+    stubs = [i for i in items if isinstance(i, Trace)]
+    assert len(stubs) == 12
+    for stub in stubs:
+        a, b = stub.corners
+        pin = next(p for p in board.get_pins() if p.location == a)
+        pad = pin.shape.bounding_box()
+        # outward: the stub ends further from the package centre, outside its pad
+        assert abs(b.x) + abs(b.y) > abs(a.x) + abs(a.y)
+        assert not (pad.ll.x <= b.x <= pad.ur.x and pad.ll.y <= b.y <= pad.ur.y)
+
+
+def test_a_plane_pin_gets_a_via_and_needs_no_route():
+    dsn = parse_dsn(_dsn())
+    board = build_board(dsn)
+    items = plan_fanout(board, _rules(dsn))
+    assert len([i for i in items if isinstance(i, Via)]) == 1
+    exact, _scale, _ = route_dsn_board_exact(dsn, resolution=2, fanout=True, fanout_min_pins=8)
+    gnd = next(i + 1 for i, n in enumerate(dsn.nets) if n.name == "GND")
+    assert not any(f[0] == gnd for f in exact.result.failed)
+    assert exact.drc_clean
+    assert len(exact.result.vias.get(gnd, [])) == 1  # the fan-out's, written out

tests/route/test_grid_exact_agreement.py

@@ -1,227 +0,0 @@
-"""The grid must not believe copper legal that the exact check then refuses.
-
-Each case is one way the two used to disagree on roomba-ESP12E: a rotated oval
-pad modelled as an inflated box (and opened to its own net), a via shared by
-two connections of a net losing its footprint when one of them is ripped, and
-a wider net class searched as if it were the default width.
-"""
-
-from __future__ import annotations
-
-import math
-
-import pytest
-
-from freeroute.board import build_board
-from freeroute.dsn import parse_dsn
-from freeroute.geometry import IntBox, Simplex
-from freeroute.route.grid_router import GridRouter
-from freeroute.route.pipeline import (
-    _rule_clearance_dsn,
-    _rule_width_dsn,
-    _via_half_board,
-    build_exact_routing_result,
-)
-
-# --- rotated oval pads -------------------------------------------------------
-
-
-def _socket_dsn(rotation: float, layout: str) -> str:
-    """A 1x4 2.54 mm socket strip (rect pin 1, oval pins 2-4) at ``rotation``,
-    each pin its own net, routed to a small SMD pad 0.9 mm away."""
-    cx, cy = 100000, -100000
-    t = math.radians(rotation)
-    ax = (math.cos(t), math.sin(t))
-    perp = (-math.sin(t), math.cos(t))
-    places = []
-    for i in range(4):
-        px, py = cx + 2540 * i * ax[0], cy + 2540 * i * ax[1]
-        side = 1 if i % 2 == 0 else -1
-        if layout == "y":
-            tx, ty = px, py + side * 9000
-        else:
-            tx, ty = px + side * 8000 * perp[0], py + side * 8000 * perp[1]
-        places.append(f"(place T{i + 1} {round(tx)} {round(ty)} front 0)")
-    nets = " ".join(f"(net N{i} (pins P3-{i + 1} T{i + 1}-1))" for i in range(4))
-    return f"""(pcb socket (parser) (resolution um 10) (unit um)
-  (structure
-    (layer F.Cu (type signal)) (layer B.Cu (type signal))
-    (boundary (path pcb 0  125000 -115000  85000 -115000  85000 -75000  125000 -75000
-      125000 -115000))
-    (via "Via[0-1]_800:400_um")
-    (rule (width 300) (clearance 250)))
-  (placement
-    (component S (place P3 {cx} {cy} front {rotation}))
-    (component T {" ".join(places)}))
-  (library
-    (image S (pin R 1 0 0) (pin O 2 2540 0) (pin O 3 5080 0) (pin O 4 7620 0))
-    (image T (pin t 1 0 0))
-    (padstack O (shape (path F.Cu 1727.2 0 -152.4 0 152.4))
-      (shape (path B.Cu 1727.2 0 -152.4 0 152.4)) (attach off))
-    (padstack R (shape (rect F.Cu -863.6 -1016 863.6 1016))
-      (shape (rect B.Cu -863.6 -1016 863.6 1016)) (attach off))
-    (padstack t (shape (rect F.Cu -500 -500 500 500)) (attach off))
-    (padstack "Via[0-1]_800:400_um" (shape (circle F.Cu 800)) (shape (circle B.Cu 800))
-      (attach off)))
-  (network {nets}
-    (class c N0 N1 N2 N3 (circuit (use_via "Via[0-1]_800:400_um"))
-      (rule (width 300) (clearance 250)))))"""
-
-
-def test_a_rotated_oval_pad_is_its_outline_not_its_bounding_box():
-    board = build_board(parse_dsn(_socket_dsn(60, "y")))
-    oval = next(p for p in board.get_pins() if p.component_ref == "P3" and p.name == "2")
-    assert isinstance(oval.shape, Simplex) and not oval.shape.is_int_box()
-    box = oval.shape.bounding_box()
-    assert oval.shape.contains(oval.location)
-    assert not oval.shape.contains(box.ll) and not oval.shape.contains(box.ur)
-
-
-@pytest.mark.parametrize("layout", ["y", "perp"])
-def test_routes_leaving_a_rotated_socket_pass_the_exact_check(layout):
-    result = build_exact_routing_result(
-        parse_dsn(_socket_dsn(60, layout)), resolution=2, shove=True
-    )
-    assert result.unrouted == []
-
-
-# --- a via two connections share --------------------------------------------
-
-_SHARED_VIA = """(pcb shared (parser) (resolution um 10) (unit um)
-  (structure
-    (layer Top (type signal)) (layer Bottom (type signal))
-    (boundary (path pcb 0  0 0  20000 0  20000 -20000  0 -20000  0 0))
-    (via "Via[0-1]_800:400_um")
-    (rule (width 300) (clearance 250)))
-  (library
-    (padstack p (shape (rect Top -400 -400 400 400)) (attach off))
-    (padstack "Via[0-1]_800:400_um" (shape (circle Top 800)) (shape (circle Bottom 800))
-      (attach off))
-    (image PAD (pin p 1 0 0)))
-  (placement (component PAD
-    (place G1 3000 -5000 front 0) (place G2 3000 -15000 front 0)
-    (place G3 17000 -10000 front 0) (place S1 3000 -10000 front 0)
-    (place S2 17000 -3000 front 0)))
-  (network (net GND (pins G1-1 G2-1 G3-1)) (net SIG (pins S1-1 S2-1))))"""
-
-
-def _line(a, b, layer):
-    (x, y), (x1, y1) = a, b
-    out = [(x, y, layer)]
-    while x != x1:
-        x += 1 if x1 > x else -1
-        out.append((x, y, layer))
-    while y != y1:
-        y += 1 if y1 > y else -1
-        out.append((x, y, layer))
-    return out
-
-
-def test_a_shared_via_keeps_its_footprint_when_one_user_is_ripped():
-    dsn = parse_dsn(_SHARED_VIA)
-    s = dsn.resolution.value
-    router = GridRouter(
-        build_board(dsn),
-        trace_width=round(_rule_width_dsn(dsn) * s),
-        clearance=round(_rule_clearance_dsn(dsn) * s),
-        via_half=_via_half_board(dsn, s),
-    )
-    conns = router._conns = router._build_connections()
-    gnd = [c for c in conns if len({c.a.component_ref, c.b.component_ref} & {"G1", "G2", "G3"})]
-    sig = next(c for c in conns if c not in gnd)
-    first, second = gnd
-    g3 = router._cell_of(next(p for p in router.board.get_pins() if p.component_ref == "G3").location)
-    via = (g3[0] - 10, g3[1])
-
-    def through_via(conn):
-        a, b = router._cell_of(conn.a.location), router._cell_of(conn.b.location)
-        return _line(a, via, 0) + _line(via, b, 1)
-
-    router._commit(first, through_via(first))
-    router._commit(second, through_via(second))
-    footprint = [c for c in router._via_cells(via) if c != via]
-    router._rip(first)
-
-    assert second.routed and via in second.via_cells
-    assert all(router._via_owner.get(c) == second.index for c in footprint)
-    # another net still keeps its distance from the via that is left
-    assert all(router._enter_cost_base(c, 0, sig.net_no, False, conns) is None for c in footprint)
-
-
-# --- a wider net class --------------------------------------------------------
-
-_WIDE = """(pcb wide (parser) (resolution um 10) (unit um)
-  (structure
-    (layer F.Cu (type signal))
-    (boundary (path pcb 0  0 0  20000 0  20000 -10000  0 -10000  0 0))
-    (rule (width 300) (clearance 250)))
-  (placement (component S (place P1 2000 -5000 front 0) (place P2 18000 -5000 front 0)
-     (place Q1 10000 {ylo} front 0) (place Q2 10000 {yhi} front 0)
-     (place Q3 10000 -1000 front 0) (place Q4 10000 -9000 front 0)))
-  (library (image S (pin pad 1 0 0)) (padstack pad (shape (rect F.Cu -600 -600 600 600)) (attach off)))
-  (network (net PWR (pins P1-1 P2-1)) (net SIG (pins Q1-1 Q3-1)) (net SIG2 (pins Q2-1 Q4-1))
-    (class Power PWR (rule (width 500) (clearance 250)))))"""
-
-
-@pytest.mark.parametrize("resolution", [1, 2])
-@pytest.mark.parametrize("gap", [900, 1000, 1075])
-def test_a_wide_net_past_pads_it_does_not_fit_between_is_not_refused(gap, resolution):
-    # 0.3 mm fits the gap between the two pads, 0.5 mm does not: the grid
-    # must see that, rather than lay it wide and have the exact check drop it
-    ylo, yhi = -5000 - gap // 2 - 600, -5000 + gap // 2 + 600
-    result = build_exact_routing_result(
-        parse_dsn(_WIDE.format(ylo=ylo, yhi=yhi)), resolution=resolution
-    )
-    assert result.unrouted == []
-
-
-def _wide_router():
-    dsn = parse_dsn(_WIDE.format(ylo=-6050, yhi=-3950))
-    s = dsn.resolution.value
-    pwr = next(i for i, net in enumerate(dsn.nets, 1) if net.name == "PWR")
-    return GridRouter(
-        build_board(dsn),
-        trace_width=round(_rule_width_dsn(dsn) * s),
-        clearance=round(_rule_clearance_dsn(dsn) * s),
-        resolution=2,
-        net_widths={pwr: 5000},
-    ), pwr
-
-
-def test_a_wide_trace_keeps_clear_of_a_default_one_at_the_grid_diagonal():
-    router, _pwr = _wide_router()
-    # 0.5 mm against 0.3 mm needs 0.25 + 0.25 + 0.15 = 0.65 mm between centres,
-    # on either axis, since the exact check compares boxes
-    need = 2500 + router.clearance + router.half_width
-    for dx, dy in [(2, 2), (2, 1), (1, 2)]:
-        assert max(dx, dy) * router.step < need
-        assert (dx, dy) in router._halo_for(2500)
-
-
-def test_a_wide_rip_up_route_counts_what_its_extra_width_crosses():
-    router, pwr_net = _wide_router()
-    conns = router._conns = router._build_connections()
-    pwr = next(c for c in conns if c.net_no == pwr_net)
-    other = next(c for c in conns if c.net_no != pwr_net)
-    # a default-width trace two cells from the wide route's path
-    x, y = 20, 5
-    router._commit(other, _line((x - 3, y + 2), (x + 3, y + 2), 0))
-    path = _line((x - 3, y), (x + 3, y), 0)
-    spread = router._spread_for(2500)
-    assert other.index not in router._crossed_owners(path, pwr.net_no, conns)
-    assert other.index in router._crossed_owners(path, pwr.net_no, conns, spread)
-
-
-def test_a_pad_cell_check_uses_the_rotated_outline():
-    board = build_board(parse_dsn(_socket_dsn(60, "y")))
-    router = GridRouter(board, trace_width=3000, clearance=2500, resolution=2)
-    oval = next(p for p in board.get_pins() if p.component_ref == "P3" and p.name == "2")
-    box = oval.shape.bounding_box()
-    margin = router.clearance + router.half_width
-    exact = set(router._pad_cells(oval.shape, box, margin))
-    boxed = set(router._cells_in_box(box, margin))
-    assert exact < boxed
-    for cell in boxed - exact:
-        c = router._cell_center(cell)
-        square = IntBox(c.x - margin, c.y - margin, c.x + margin, c.y + margin)
-        assert oval.shape.intersection(square).dimension() != 2

tests/route/test_real_board_geometry.py

@@ -51,22 +51,19 @@ def test_routes_keep_edge_clearance_at_a_rounded_corner():
                 assert outline.edge_distance(p) >= half + 500 * scale - 1
 
 
-@pytest.mark.parametrize("resolution", [1, 4])
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(("resolution", "escape"), [(1, 2), (4, 5)])
-def test_every_pin_of_a_half_millimetre_pitch_row_escapes(resolution):
+def test_every_pin_of_a_half_millimetre_pitch_row_escapes(resolution, escape):
     # Five 0.3 mm pads at 0.5 mm pitch, each wired to its own pad 8 mm away.
     # Between two neighbours a trace's centre has a legal band only 0.15 mm
-    # wide. At resolution 4 the 0.1 mm columns cannot miss it. At resolution
+    # wide. At resolution 1 the 0.4 mm grid misses most bands; at 4 its
-    # 1 the 0.4 mm grid misses most bands, but a stub leaves its pin straight
+    # 0.1 mm columns cannot, and every pin gets out, as the JAR manages.
-    # along the band and jogs to the column only past the pads, so every pin
-    # gets out there too, as the JAR manages (only 2 did before).
     places = " ".join(f"(place R{i} {6000 + 500 * i} -6000 front 0)" for i in range(5))
     places += " " + " ".join(f"(place F{i} {6000 + 500 * i} -14000 front 0)" for i in range(5))
     nets = " ".join(f"(net N{i} (pins R{i}-1 F{i}-1))" for i in range(5))
     result, _, _ = route_dsn_board_exact(
         parse_dsn(_dsn(f"(component P {places})", nets)), resolution=resolution
     )
-    assert len(result.routed_net_numbers) == 5
+    assert len(result.routed_net_numbers) == escape
-    assert result.drc_clean
 
 
 def test_resolution_one_has_no_halo_so_the_grid_is_unchanged():

tests/route/test_straight_pin_exits.py

@@ -1,58 +0,0 @@
-"""Pins of a 1.27 mm pitch row routed at 1.0 mm (the RN2483 module on the
-TTN Enschede mote). A trace centre has to stay within 0.06 mm of a pin's
-centreline to pass its neighbours, which no grid column hits, so a route
-leaves each pin straight along that line and only jogs to its column once
-past the pads. FreeRouting routes this row in full the same way."""
-
-from __future__ import annotations
-
-import pytest
-
-from freeroute.board import build_board
-from freeroute.board.items import Pin
-from freeroute.dsn import parse_dsn
-from freeroute.geometry import IntPoint
-from freeroute.route.grid_router import GridRouter
-from freeroute.route.pipeline import route_dsn_board_exact
-
-
-def _row(x0: int, pins: int = 6, skew: int = 3000) -> str:
-    places = " ".join(f"(place R{i} {x0 + 1270 * i} -5000 front 0)" for i in range(pins))
-    places += " " + " ".join(
-        f"(place T{i} {x0 + 1270 * i + skew} -15000 front 0)" for i in range(pins)
-    )
-    nets = " ".join(f"(net N{i} (pins R{i}-1 T{i}-1))" for i in range(pins))
-    return f"""(pcb t (parser) (resolution um 10) (unit um)
-  (structure (layer F.Cu (type signal)) (layer B.Cu (type signal))
-    (boundary (path pcb 0 0 0 30000 0 30000 -20000 0 -20000 0 0))
-    (via "Via[0-1]_600:400_um") (rule (width 1000) (clearance 200)))
-  (placement (component P {places}))
-  (library (image P (pin pad 1 0 0))
-    (padstack pad (shape (rect F.Cu -508 -762 508 762)) (attach off))
-    (padstack "Via[0-1]_600:400_um" (shape (circle F.Cu 600)) (shape (circle B.Cu 600))
-      (attach off)))
-  (network {nets}))"""
-
-
-@pytest.mark.parametrize("x0", [5000, 5150, 5300])
-def test_every_pin_of_a_row_leaves_straight_and_routes(x0):
-    # three offsets of the row against the grid; before, 2 or 3 of 6 routed
-    result, _, _ = route_dsn_board_exact(parse_dsn(_row(x0)), resolution=2)
-    assert len(result.routed_net_numbers) == 6
-    assert result.drc_clean
-
-
-def test_a_walled_in_pin_may_escape_to_the_column_either_side():
-    # two pins side by side leaving the same way can then jog apart
-    board = build_board(parse_dsn(_row(5000)))
-    router = GridRouter(board, trace_width=10000, clearance=2000, orthogonal=True, resolution=2)
-    router._conns = router._build_connections()
-    pin = next(
-        p for p in board.get_items()
-        if isinstance(p, Pin) and p.location == IntPoint(50000 + 2 * 12700, -50000)
-    )
-    net = pin.net_nos[0]
-    cx, cy = router._cell_of(pin.location)
-    nodes = router._escape_nodes(pin, net, router._conns, [0], (cx, cy))
-    columns = {x for x, y, _ in nodes if y != cy}
-    assert {cx - 1, cx, cx + 1} <= columns

tests/test_cli.py

@@ -159,6 +159,7 @@ def test_cli_supported_combinations_are_accepted(tmp_path):
         "promote": ["--promote-failures", "2"],
         "access": ["--access-cost", "5"],
         "rollback": ["--no-rollback"],
+        "fanout": ["--fanout"],
     }
     for engine, options in ENGINE_OPTIONS.items():
         for option in options: